This is an annotated list of all the nuclear fission-based nuclear research reactors in the world, sorted by country, with operational status. Some "research" reactors were built for the purpose of producing material for nuclear weapons.
Algeria
Antarctica
Argentina
Australia
Notes: The main uses of the current OPAL reactor are:
- Irradiation of target materials to produce radioisotopes for medical and industrial applications
- Research in the fields of materials science and structural biology using neutron beams and its sophisticated suite of experimental equipment
- Analysis of minerals and samples using the neutron activation technique and the delay neutron activation technique
- Irradiation of silicon ingots in order to dope them with phosphorus and produce the basic material used in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices
Austria
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgium
- GUINEVERE â fast, accelerator driven, lead-cooled reactor at SCKâ¢CEN, Mol
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
Estonia
- Paldiski â 2 PWR naval training reactors (dismantled)
Finland
France
Working:
Georgia
Germany
- AKR II â Ausbildungskernreaktor II, Technische Universität Dresden; rating: 2 W, commissioned 2005
- AVR â Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor, Forschungszentrum Jülich; rating: 15 MW, commissioned 1969; closed 1988
- BER II â Berliner-Experimentier-Reaktor II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; rating: 10 MW, commissioned 1990, closed 2019
- FRG-1 (see GKSS Research Center) â Geesthacht; rating: 5 MW, commissioned 1958, closed 2010
- FRM II â Technische Universität München; rating: 20 MW, commissioned 2004
- FRMZ â TRIGA of the University of Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; continuous rating: 0.10 MW, pulse rating for 30ms: 250 MW; commissioned 1965
- FR2 - Forschungsreaktor 2; rating: 44 MW; commissioned 1957; closed: 1981
- SUR-FW "Neutron"; Hochschule Furtwangen University; type Siemens-Unterrichtsreaktor SUR-100; rating: 0.1 W; commissioned 1973
- SUR-S; University of Stuttgart; type Siemens-Unterrichtsreaktor SUR-100; rating: 0.1 W; commissioned 1964
- SUR-U; Ulm University of Applied Sciences; type Siemens-Unterrichtsreaktor SUR-100; rating: 0.1 W; commissioned 1965
Planned
- Wyhl, planned nuclear plant that was never built because of long-time resistance by the local population and environmentalists.
Ghana
Greece
Hungary
India
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) â Trombay
- Apsara reactor â Asia's first nuclear reactor. 1 MW, pool type, light water moderated, enriched uranium fuel supplied by France
- CIRUS reactor â 40 MW, supplied by Canada, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
- Dhruva reactor â 100 MW, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
- Purnima series
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) â Kalpakkam
- PFBR â 500MWe Sodium cooled fast breeder nuclear reactor, under construction. Expected completion 2015.
- FBTR â 40 MW Fast Breeder Test Reactor, uses mixed (plutonium and uranium) carbide fuel
- KAMINI âÂÂ30 kW, uses U-233 fuel
Indonesia
Iran
- Tehran â AMF reactor at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (supplied by USA, 1967)
- Isfahan, Nuclear Technology Center (mainly supplied by China)
- MNSR â 27 kW miniature neutron source reactor
- light water subcritical reactor (LWSCR)
- heavy water zero power reactor (HWZPR)
- graphite subcritical reactor (GSCR)
- Arak â IR-40 heavy water-moderated reactor (under construction, planned commissioning 2014)
Iraq
Note: Tamuz-1 and Tamuz-2 are parts of the same French nuclear research complex design, the OSIRIS research complex. All three reactors were located at the same site.
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Libya
Malaysia
Mexico
Morocco
Netherlands
Nigeria
North Korea
Norway
Pakistan
Under IAEA safeguards
Not under IAEA safeguards
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Poland
- Ewa reactor - 10 MW VVR-SM research reactor (dismantled in 1995)
- Maria reactor - 30 MW research reactor
- Anna reactor - 10 kW research reactor (dismantled)
- Agata reactor - 10 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
- Maryla reactor - 100 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
- UR-100 reactor - 100 kW training reactor (dismantled)
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Romania
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Mioveni, 110 km northwest of Bucharest - TRIGA reactor (capable consisting of either a 500 kW pulse ACPR core, or a 14 MW steady state core)
- National Institute for Research and Isotopic Separation, Govora, 170 km west of Bucharest - no research reactors, but instead devoted to heavy water production
- National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH, MÃÂgurele, 5 km southwest of Bucharest - a 2 MW VVR-S research reactor (shut down in April 2002, with decommissioning/dismantling started in 2013)
Russia
A total of 98 nuclear research facilities, including:
Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Slovenia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey
Fuel pilot plants
- TRD Fuel Pilot Plant (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Army Nuclear Power Program
United States Naval reactors
Research reactors
Civilian (private and university) research and test reactors licensed to operate
Civilian (private and university) research and test reactors formerly licensed to operate
Research and test reactors under decommission orders or license amendments are authorized to decontaminate and dismantle their facility to prepare for final survey and license termination. Research and test reactors with possession-only licenses are not authorized to operate the reactor, only to possess the nuclear material on-hand. They are permanently shut down.
Civilian (private and university) research and test reactors in construction
Executive Order 14301 created DOE's Reactor Pilot Program, expediting advanced reactor testing outside national labs, targeting criticality for three test reactors by July 4, 2026. 11 Reactors are being developed as part of this program. This list is of the reactors already in construction.
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Vietnam
See also
Notes and references
External links