International development aid is given by many non-private donors. The first table is based on official development assistance (ODA) figures published by the OECD for members of its Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Non-DAC members included in the OECD's publishing are listed separately.
Luxembourg made the largest contribution as a percentage of gross national income (GNI) at 1.05% and the United Nationsâ ODA target of 0.7% of GNI was also exceeded by Norway (1.02%), Sweden (0.99%) and Denmark (0.71%). The European Union accumulated a higher portion of GDP as a form of foreign aid than any other economic union.
The United States is a small contributor relative to GNI (0.22% 2022) but is the largest single DAC donor of ODA in 2022 (US$55.3 billion), followed by Germany (0.8% GNI, US$35.0 billion), France (0.7%, US$19.5 billion) and Japan (0.3%, US$17.3 billion). Many providers beyond the DAC have long traditions of development cooperation. Amongst these, according to the preliminary figures for 2019 reported to the OECD, Turkey exceeded the 0.7% ODA/GNI target with 1.15%.
To qualify as official development assistance, a contribution must contain three elements:
Thus, by definition, ODA does not include private donations, nor any development loans at market rates. The sum of contributions by EU member states, considered separately from EU institutions, was over $70 billion. The OECD's Development Assistance Committee members' total budget reached around 150 billion dollars and was contributed by the following donors in 2019: