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List of monarchs of Punjab

The monarchs of Punjab were the rulers of various kingdoms and republics of the Punjab beginning with the Vedic period and ending after the British empire. Much of native Punjab during the ancient period was ruled by various Tribal republics, such as the Yaudheyas, Madra, Trigarta, Audumbara, Oxydrakoi, Malloi and Gandhara with their leaders and monarchs being largely unknown.

The Ancient Period of Punjab saw the earliest known monarchs date back to the Vedic period. During the early to mid-6th century BCE, Taxila was ruled by King Pukkusati, who was a contemporary of the Achaemenid rulers. However, details regarding subsequent monarchs remain largely unrecorded until the Macedonian invasion of Punjab in the 5th century BCE. Following the death of Alexander the Great, monarchical power shifted to the Mauryan Empire in the 4th century BCE. In the 2nd century BCE, the Indo-Greek kings took over, followed by the Indo-Scythians and Indo-Parthians in the 1st century BCE. These dynasties ruled alongside native dynasties such as the Apracharajas. By the time of Apollonius’ travels through Punjab, power had largely returned to native rulers. The Kushan Empire's monarchs ruled Punjab, but by the 3rd century CE, control passed to the Gadahara and Shilada dynasties. Their rule was eventually disrupted by the Hunnic invasions in the 4th century CE.

The medieval period of Punjab saw the Eastern Punjab come under the rule of the Vardhana dynasty in the 7th century CE, while the Western Punjab was governed by the Taank Kingdom. By the 8th century, the Chach dynasty of Aror was ruling most of the Western Punjab. In the 9th century, the Hindu Shahi dynasty emerged as the rulers, until the Ghaznavids assumed monarchical control in the 11th century. Power then shifted to the Ghorid dynasty, until Muhammad Ghori 's assassination by the House of the Khokhars, paving the way for the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century.

The early modern period in the 16th century saw the rise of the Mughal Empire, which incorporated Punjab, though governance in the region was largely managed by various Sikh misls. Later, Adina Beg emerged as the ruler of Punjab. Following his death, the Sikh Empire consolidated power, ruling the region until the British conquest. During British rule, Punjab was divided into multiple territories, with certain regions governed by princely states.

Pauravas

  • Porus (before 326 BC, probably 338 BC – between 321 and 315 BC)

Macedonian Empire (326 – 316 BC)

Maurya Empire (322 – 184 BC)

Indo-Greeks (200 – 20 BC)

Northern Satraps

Indo-Parthians (15 BC – 50 AD)

Kushan Empire (50 – 350 AD)

"Little Kushans";

Huns (390 – 550 AD)

Kidarite Huns (390 - 455 AD)

Alchon Huns (470 – 550 AD)

Taank Kingdom (550 – 822)

The Taanks (Takkas) were people from a variety of clans forming a kingdom. The rulers of the kingdom are only known from sources of chronicles and minted coins. During this rule (630 AD), Lahore was said to have been visited by the Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang. He described it as a great Brahmin city.

Note: Not listed chronologically.

  • Ratapat
  • Bahurpal
  • Sahajpal
  • Madanpal

Brahmin dynasty (632 – 712)

Hindu Shahi Kingdom (822 – 1026)

Emirate of Multan (855 – 1010)

Munnabih dynasty (855 – 959)

  • Muhammad Munabbih III (855 – 864)
  • Asad Qureshi (892 – early 900s, probably 918)
  • Hassan II (late 800s)
  • Ahmed II (late 800s – early 900s)
  • Munabbih I (912 – 913)
  • Muhammad Munabbih IV (913 – 920)
  • Munabbih II (920 – 930)
  • Fahad Munabbih (930 – 940)
  • Harun Munabbih (940 – 959)

Lodi dynasty (959 – 1010)

  • Jalam bin Shayban (959 – 985)
  • Hamid ibn Shayban (985 – 997)
  • Nasr ibn Hamid (997 – ??)
  • Abul Fateh Daud ibn Nasr (?? – 1010)

Ghaznavid Empire (1010 – 1186)

Ghurid Empire (1186 – 1206)

Delhi Sultanate (1206 – 1526)

Mamluk dynasty (1206 – 1290)

Khalji dynasty (1290 – 1320)

Outside of the dynasties (1320)

Tughluq dynasty (1320 – 1414)

Sayyid dynasty (1414 – 1451)

Lodi dynasty (1451 – 1526)

Chiefs of Pothohar

House of Khokhars

House of Gakhars

Langah Sultanate (1445 – 1540)

Mughal Empire (1526 – 1799)

Sur Empire (1540 – 1556)

Sial State (1723 – 1818)

  • Walidad Khan Sial 1723 – 1747
  • Inayatullah Khan Sial 1747 – 1787
  • Kabir Khan Sial 1787 – 1798
  • Ahmad Khan Sial 1798 – 1818

Sardars of Dera Ghazi Khan (1738 – 1779)

  • Mahmud Khan Gujjar (1738 – 1772)
  • Barkhurdar Khan Gujjar (1772 – 1779)

Misls

Bhangi Misl (1716 – 1802)

  • Chhajja Singh Dhillon (1716 – ??)
  • Bhuma Singh Dhillon (?? – 1746)
  • Hari Singh Dhillon (1746 – 1766)
  • Jhanda Singh Dhillon (1766 – 1774)
  • Ganda Singh Dhillon (1774 – 1776)
  • Charhat Singh Dhillon (1776 – 1776)
  • Desu Singh Dhillon (1776 – 1782)
  • Gulab Singh Dhillon (1782 – 1800)
  • Gurdit Singh Dhillon (1800 – 1802)

Singhpuria Misl (1733 – 1816)

  • Kapur Singh 1733 – 1753
  • Khushal Singh 1753 – 1795
  • Buddh Singh 1795 – 1816

Ramgarhia Misl (1748 – 1808)

Singh Krora Misl (1748 – 1808)

Dallewalia Misl (1748 – 1807)

  • Gulab Singh Khatri 1748 – 1759
  • Gurdiyal Singh 1759 – 1764
  • Tara Singh Ghaiba 1764 – 1807

Nakai Misl (1748 – 1810)

  • Heera Singh Sandhu Nakai (r. 1748–1767; d. 1767)
  • Sardar Nar Singh Nakai (r. 1767-1775; d. 1775)
  • Ran Singh Nakai (r. 1775-1784; d. 1784)
  • Bhagwan Singh Nakai (r. 1784-1789; d. 1789)
  • Gyan Singh Nakai (r. 1789-1807; d. 1807)
  • Kahan Singh Nakai (r. 1807–1810; d. 1873).

Chattha State (1750 – 1797)

Nawabs of Mankera (1772 – 1839)

  • Sarbuland Khan Sadozai 1772 – 1815
  • Hafiz Ahmed Khan Sadozai 1815 – 1839

Nawab of Punjab

Princely states

Chamba State (550 – 1948)

  • Raja Yugakar Verman
  • Raja Vidagdha Verman
  • Raja Dodaka Verman
  • Raja Vichitra Verman
  • Raja Dhariya Verman
  • Raja Salavahana Verman
  • Raja Soma Varman
  • Raja Asata Varman
  • Raja Jasata Verman
  • Raja Dhala Verman
  • Raja Udayan Varman
  • Raja Anand Verman
  • Raja Ganesa Verman
  • Raja Pratap Singh Verman, (from 1559 to 1586)
  • Raja Vir Vahnu Verman (1586 to 1589)
  • Raja Balbhadra Verman (1589 to 1641) as Chamba.
  • 1690 - 1720 Udai Singh (b. ... - d. 1720)
  • 1720 - 1735 Ugar Singh
  • 1735 - 1794 Raj Singh (b. 1735 - d. 1794)
  • 1794 - 1808 Jit Singh (b. 1775 - d. 1808)
  • 1808 - 1844 Charhat Singh (b. 1803 - d. 1844)
  • 1844 - 1870 Shri Singh (b. 1839 - d. 1870)
  • 1870 - Apr 1873 Gopal Singh (b. 18... - d. 1893)
  • 17 Apr 1873 – 22 Jan 1904 Sham Singh (b. 1866 - d. 1905)
  • 22 Jan 1904 – 22 Sep 1919 Bhuri Singh (b. 1869 - d. 1919)
  • 22 Sep 1919 - 7 Dec 1935 Ram Singh (b. 1890 - d. 1935)
  • 7 Dec 1935 – 15 Aug 1947 Tikka Lakshman Singh (b. 1924 - d. 1971)

State of Bahawalpur (1748 – 1955)

Patiala State (1761 – 1947)

Jind State (1763 – 1948)

Nabha State (1763 – 1947)

Kapurthala State (1772 – 1947)

Sikh Empire (1799 – 1849)

See also

References

Sources