This is a list of miscarriage of justice cases. This list includes cases where a convicted individual was later cleared of the crime and either has received an official exoneration, or a consensus exists that the individual was unjustly punished or where a conviction has been quashed and no retrial has taken place, so that the accused is legally assumed innocent. This list is not exhaustive. Crime descriptions with an asterisk indicate that the events were later determined not to be criminal acts.
In the 2010s, public interest in addressing the possibility of wrongful convictions as a system issue led to the establishment of the Criminal Cases Review Commission in 2019. In the decade since 2013, it was revealed that nearly 900 New Zealanders have had their convictions overturned. The following cases are the only ones where the Government has paid compensation for a wrongful conviction, except for Peter Ellis who died before the Supreme Court in New Zealand overturned his convictions, and Rex Haig who died while still appealing for compensation. Notably, in New Zealand, there is no right to compensation for wrongful convictions or false imprisonment.
Due to the high number of notable wrongful conviction cases compiled for the United States, the list can be viewed via the main article.