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List of marine protected areas

A marine protected area (MPA) is a protected area that includes primarily marine environment and biodiversity.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) defines a protected area as: <blockquote>"A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values."</blockquote> This definition is intended to make it more difficult to claim MPA status for regions where exploitation of marine resources occurs. If there is no defined long-term goal for conservation and ecological recovery and extraction of marine resources occurs, a region is not considered a marine protected area.

As of June 2019 there are 14,830 marine protected areas with a total area of representing 7.59% of the ocean.

Africa

Mozambique

  • , 1971,

South Africa

The listed MPAs were individually proclaimed. Some were later consolidated with adjacent MPAs and may not still be generally referred to by the original name.

  • , (2019),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2004),
  • , (2019), integrated with Aliwal Shoal MPA
  • , (2019),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2004),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2019),
  • Castle Rock Marine Protected Area, previously known as the Millers Point Marine Reserve, now part of Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area (2000)
  • , (2019),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • (KwaZulu-Natal)
  • , (2019),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • , (Western Cape)
  • , (2019),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2004),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2013),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2008),
  • , (2004),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2000),
  • , (2019),
  • , (2001, seasonal),

Antarctica

Asia

Cambodia

  • , 2018, . IUCN Category V.

Indonesia

  • , 1991, .

Malaysia

  • , 2007, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 2001, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 2016. IUCN Category II.
  • , 1974. IUCN Category II.

Thailand

  • , 1981, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1981, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1983, , IUCN Category II.
  • , 1981, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1966, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1983, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1980, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1982, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1990, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1984, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1982, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1981, . IUCN Category II.
  • , 1976, . IUCN Category II.

Europe

Italy

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

UK Overseas Territories

North America

Canada

United States

Oceania

Australia

  • , (2012),
  • ,
  • , (2018), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2018), , IUCN category VI
  • , , IUCN category IV
  • , (2018), , IUCN category VI
  • , (1983), , IUCN category Ia.
  • (2000) , IUCN category Ia
  • , (2018), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2018), , IUCN category IV
  • , (2018), , IUCN category VI
  • , (1991), , IUCN category II
  • , (1987), , IUCN category IV
  • , (2018), , IUCN category IV
  • , (2007), , UCN category II
  • , (2018), , IUCN category IV
  • , (2018), , IUCN category IV
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2007), , IUCN category II
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2007), , IUCN category II
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (1999), , IUCN category IV
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2007), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2013), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2012), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2012), , IUCN category II
  • , (2013), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2012), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2012), , IUCN category VI
  • , (2012), , IUCN category VI

Cook Islands

  • , (2017), , IUCN Category VI.

New Zealand

  • , 1981, , IUCN Category Ia.
  • , 1975, , IUCN Category Ia.
  • , 2014, , IUCN Category Ia.
  • , 2014, , IUCN Category Ia.
  • , 2011, , IUCN Category Ia.
  • , 1992, , IUCN Category Ia.

Palau

  • , 2015,

South America

Chile

Ecuador

  • , 1998,

Grenada

Areas beyond national jurisdiction

  • , 2012,
  • , 2010,

To be integrated

References