This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Sardinia, Italy. Almost all terrestrial mammals found on the island today have been introduced by humans, replacing a highly endemic fauna present on the island during the Late Pleistocene
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to .
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae and pikas. Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Order: Eulipotyphla
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Miniopteridae (long-winged bats)
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii
- Family: Molossidae (free-tailed bats)
- Subfamily: Molossinae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis
- Family: Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi
- Family: Vespertilionidae (mouse-eared bats)
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Long-fingered bat, Myotis capaccinii
- Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii
- Geoffroy's bat, Myotis emarginatus
- Felten's myotis, Myotis punicus
- Subfamily: Verpertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Barbastelle, Barbastella barbastellus
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's pipistrelle, Hypsugo savii
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus
- Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus
- Sardinian long-eared bat, Plecotus sardus
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii
- Nathusius's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii
- Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Family: Delphinidae (dolphins and pilot whales)
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis
- Genus: Tursiops
- Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba
- Genus: Steno
- Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus
- Genus: Globicephala
- Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas
- Genus: Orcinus
- Killer whale, Orcinus orca
- Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus
- Family: Ziphiidae (beaked whales)
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Extinct mammals
Order: Proboscidea (elephants and kin)
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Order: Eulipotyphla
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
See also
References
Further reading
- Aulagnier, S. et al. (2008). Guide des mammifères d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et de Moyen-Orient. Delachaux et Niestlé, Paris
- Shirihai, H. & Jarrett, B. (2006). Whales, Dolphins and Seals: A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of the World. A & C Black, London