This list of the mammal species in Afghanistan provides information about the status of the 129 mammal species occurring in Afghanistan. Four are endangered, twelve are vulnerable, and five are near threatened. The following classes, which lie on a spectrum of lowest to highest risk of extinction, are used to highlight each species' global conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
- Genus: Gazella
- Chinkara, G. bennettii
- Goitered gazelle, G. subgutturosa
- Genus: Capra
- Wild goat, C. aegagrus presence uncertain
- Markhor, C. falconeri
- Siberian ibex, C. sibrica
- Genus: Ovis
- Argali, O. ammon
- Urial, O. vignei
- Genus: Nemorhaedus
- Himalayan goral, N. goral
- Family: Moschidae
- Genus: Moschus
- Kashmir musk deer, M. cupreus
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Central Asian red deer C. hanglu
- Bactrian deer, C. h. bactrianus
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Suinae
- Genus: Sus
- Wild boar, S. scrofa
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
The following species are listed as historically present:
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Caracal
- Caracal, C. caracal
- Genus: Felis
- Jungle cat, F. chaus
- African wildcat, F. lybica
- Asiatic wildcat, F. l. ornata
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx
- Genus: Otocolobus
- Pallas's cat, O. manul
- Genus: Prionailurus
- Leopard cat, P. bengalensis
- Subfamily: Pantherinae
- Genus: Panthera
- Leopard, P. pardus
- P. p. tulliana
- Snow leopard, P. uncia
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
- Genus: Urva
- Small Indian mongoose, U. auropunctata
- Indian grey mongoose, U. edwardsii
- Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
- Genus: Hyaena
- Striped hyena, H. hyaena
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Vulpes
- Blanford's fox, V. cana
- Corsac fox, V. corsac
- Rueppell's fox, V. rueppelli
- Red fox, V. vulpes
- Genus: Canis
- Golden jackal, C. aureus
- Gray wolf, C. lupus
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown bear, U. arctos
- Asiatic black bear, U. thibetanus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra
- Genus: Martes
- Yellow-throated marten, M. flavigula
- Beech marten, M. foina
- Genus: Meles
- Caucasian badger, M. canescens presence uncertain
- Genus: Mellivora
- Honey badger, M. capensis
- Genus: Mustela
- Stoat, M. erminea
- Least weasel, M. nivalis
- Genus: Vormela
- Marbled polecat, V. peregusna
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus
- Hodgson's bat, M. formosus
- Fraternal myotis, M. frater
- Kashmir cave bat, M. longipes
- Whiskered myotis, M. muricola
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Eastern barbastelle, B. leucomelas
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae
- Gobi big brown bat, Eptesicus gobiensis
- Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri
- Mountain noctule, Nyctalus montanus
- Genus: Otonycteris
- Desert long-eared bat, Otonycteris hemprichii
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Indian pipistrelle, Pipistrellus coromandra
- Java pipistrelle, Pipistrellus javanicus
- Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii
- Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus
- Least pipistrelle, Pipistrellus tenuis
- Genus: Plecotus
- Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus
- Genus: Scotophilus
- Greater Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus heathi
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus
- Genus: Rhyneptesicus
- Sind bat, R. nasutus
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii
- Family: Rhinopomatidae
- Genus: Rhinopoma
- Lesser mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei
- Small mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma muscatellum
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis
- Family: Megadermatidae
- Genus: Megaderma
- Megaderma lyra
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Blasius's horseshoe bat, R. blasii
- Bokhara horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus bocharicus
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros
- Blyth's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus lepidus
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
- Genus: Asellia
- Trident leaf-nosed bat, Asellia tridens
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Fulvus roundleaf bat, Hipposideros fulvus
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Genus: Hystrix
- Indian crested porcupine, H. indica
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Genus: Hylopetes
- Afghan flying squirrel, H. baberi
- Genus: Petaurista
- Red giant flying squirrel, P. petaurista
- Subfamily: Callosciurinae
- Genus: Funambulus
- Northern palm squirrel, Funambulus pennantii
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Xerini
- Genus: Spermophilopsis
- Long-clawed ground squirrel, Spermophilopsis leptodactylus
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Marmota
- Long-tailed marmot, Marmota caudata
- Genus: Spermophilus
- Yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
- Genus: Allactaga
- Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater
- Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica
- Hotson's jerboa, Allactaga hotsoni
- Subfamily: Cardiocraniinae
- Genus: Salpingotus
- Thomas's pygmy jerboa, Salpingotus thomasi
- Subfamily: Dipodinae
- Genus: Jaculus
- Blanford's jerboa, Jaculus blanfordi
- Family: Calomyscidae
- Genus: Calomyscus
- Baluchi mouse-like hamster, Calomyscus baluchi
- Afghan mouse-like hamster, Calomyscus mystax
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Alticola
- Silver mountain vole, Alticola argentatus
- Genus: Blanfordimys
- Afghan vole, Blanfordimys afghanus
- Bucharian vole, Blanfordimys bucharicus
- Genus: Ellobius
- Southern mole vole, Ellobius fuscocapillus
- Genus: Microtus
- Juniper vole, Microtus juldaschi
- Tien Shan vole, Microtus kirgisorum
- Transcaspian vole, Microtus transcaspicus
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Genus: Gerbillus
- Swarthy gerbil, Gerbillus aquilus
- Balochistan gerbil, Gerbillus nanus
- Genus: Meriones
- Sundevall's jird, Meriones crassus
- Libyan jird, Meriones libycus
- Mid-day jird, Meriones meridianus
- Persian jird, Meriones persicus
- Zarudny's jird, Meriones zarudnyi
- Genus: Rhombomys
- Great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus
- Genus: Tatera
- Indian gerbil, Tatera indica
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Ward's field mouse, Apodemus wardi
- Genus: Millardia
- Sand-colored soft-furred rat, Millardia gleadowi
- Genus: Nesokia
- Short-tailed bandicoot rat, Nesokia indica
- Genus: Rattus
- Tanezumi rat, Rattus tanezumi
- Turkestan rat, Rattus turkestanicus
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Locally extinct
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
See also
References
External links