This is a List of lesbian-themed fiction. It includes books and plays. The lists of adult and of YA-appropriate works are split into separate headings.
Below the main list, the article also includes:
- information on particularly prolific publishing subcultures like fanfiction and mysteries;
- a list of lesbian and feminist publishing houses; and
- a list of nonfiction works on this topic.
Works of Lesbian fiction, in chronological order
Pre-1700
- Symposium. By Plato. c. 300s BC. (There's a story about how all soulmate couples, including female-female couples, used to be joined into one two-faced body.)
- Dialogues of the Courtesans. By Lucian of Samosata. c. 100s AD. (A character Leaina confesses to having a relationship with another woman, Megilla.)
- Epigrams. By Martial. c. 100s AD. (Contains satirical poems about a masculine lesbian character named Philaenis.)
- Waga mi ni tadoru himegimi () (The Princess in Search of Herself). Author unknown. c.1259-1276. (A passage in volume 6 describes a former priestess and her lady-in-waiting having sex.)
1700-1799
1800-1899
- Mademoiselle Maupin. By Théophile Gautier. 1835. (A fiction work inspired by Julie d'Aubigny, who had relationships with both women and men.)
- La Fille aux yeux d'or. By Honoré de Balzac. 1835.
- Carmilla. By Sheridan Le Fanu. 1872.
- Der Liebe Lust und Leid der Frau zur Frau. Author unknown. 1895. (The only known exemplar is in the Berlin State Library ( Yx 27911)).
- Nana. By ÃÂmile Zola. 1880. (An extended description of Chez Laure, a Parisian restaurant that caters to a lesbian clientele; the relationship of Nana and the unfaithful Satin, "with her blue eyes and schoolgirlish look", "bitten and beaten and torn this way and that by the two women".)
- Mademoiselle Giraud, My Wife. By Adolphe Belot. 1891.
- é³³éÂÂ飠(Feng shuangfei) (A Pair of Male Phoenixes Flying Together). By Cheng Huiying (ç¨ÂèÂÂè±). 1899.
1900-1949
- Sind es Frauen? Roman über das dritte Geschlecht. By Minna Wettstein-Adelt. 1901.
- God of Vengeance. By Sholem Asch. 1906. (A Yiddish play where a married woman falls in love with a prostitute her father is pimping out. First lesbian kiss on an American theater stage.)
- Thirty-Three Abominations. By Lydia Zinovieva-Annibal. 1907.
- The Rainbow. By D. H. Lawrence. 1915. (In the chapter "Shame", Ursula has an affair with another woman, Winifred.)
- è±ç©誠(Hana Monogatari, "Flower Tales"). By Nobuko Yoshiya. 1916âÂÂ1925. (Short stories.)
- Regiment of Women. By Winifred Ashton (under the pseudonym Clemence Dane. 1917.
- The Scorpion. Anna Elisabet Weirauch. 1919. (1930) (1931)
- å±Âæ ¹è£Âã®äºÂèÂÂ女 (Yaneura no Nishojo, "Two Virgins in the Attic"). By Nobuko Yoshiya. 1920.
- The Bachelor Girl. By Victor Margueritte. 1922.
- Freundinnen. By Maximiliane Ackers. 1923.
- Anja und Esther (play). By Klaus Mann. 1925.
- The Captive (play). By Edouard Bourdet. 1926. (Tragedy of a young woman who falls into a twisted relationship with another woman.)
- Vestal Fire. By Compton Mackenzie. 1927. (Male main character is invited on a trip to Capri by a lesbian couple, Miss Virginia and Maimie Pepworth-Norton.)
- The Well of Loneliness. By Radclyffe Hall. 1928. (Subject of an obscenity trial that banned the book in the United Kingdom until 1949, though "there are no descriptions of sex in it, no rude words, and the lesbian lovers do not live happily ever after".)
- Ladies Almanack. By Djuna Barnes. 1928.
- '. By Virginia Woolf. 1928.
- Extraordinary Women. By Compton Mackenzie. 1928.
- Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy. By Tadeusz DoÃ
ÂÃÂga-Mostowicz. 1931. (A lesbian character has an affair with her father's wife. The wife eventually marries the main character, but there is no question of the lesbian feeling any sentiments towards a man.)
- The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas. By Gertrude Stein. 1933. (One of Stein's more accessible works. Others, whose lesbian content may not be apparent to the uninformed reader, include As a Wife Has a Cow: A Love Story and Lifting Belly.)
- The Child Manuela. By Christa Winsloe. 1933.
- The Children's Hour (play). By Lillian Hellman. 1934.
- We Too Are Drifting. By Gale Wilhelm. 1935.
- Nightwood. By Djuna Barnes. 1936.
- Lulu. By Alban Berg. 1937.
- Young Man with a Horn. By Dorothy Baker. 1938. (Amy has a relationship with the singer Josephine Jordan.)
- Torchlight to Valhalla. By Gale Wilhelm. 1938.
- The Friendly Young Ladies. By Mary Renault. 1943.
- Two Serious Ladies. By Jane Bowles. 1943.
- No Exit. By Jean-Paul Sartre. 1944. (Inès Serrano, a lesbian, is sent to Hell for murder.)
1950-1999
- Women's Barracks. By Tereska Torres. 1950. (Credited as the first US paperback-original bestseller. Its popularity prompted the formation of the House Select Committee on Current Pornographic Materials in the United States.)
- Spring Fire. By Marijane Meaker (as Vin Packer). 1952.
- Le Rempart des Béguines. By Françoise Mallet-Joris. 1952. (Helene, a 15-year-old schoolgirl, is seduced by her father's mistress, Tamara.)
- The Price of Salt. By Patricia Highsmith (under the pseudonym "Claire Morgan" before 1990). 1952. (Considered the first lesbian novel with a 'happy ending'; basis for the 2015 film Carol.)
- The Tree and the Vine. By Dola de Jong. 1954. (Portrays a reckless political journalist and a quiet woman in love in Amsterdam, in the years leading up to WWII.)
- Chocolates for Breakfast. By Pamela Moore. 1956. (Portrays the bond between the protagonist Courtney Farrell and her boarding school teacher Miss Rosen, and the backlash against them from other teachers and students.)
- Odd Girl Out, I Am a Woman, Women in the Shadows, Journey to a Woman, and Beebo Brinker (a.k.a. The Beebo Brinker Chronicles), Ann Bannon (1957âÂÂ1962)
- The Girls in 3-B. By Valerie Taylor. 1959.
- Cassandra at the Wedding. Dorothy Baker. 1962.
- The Group. By Mary McCarthy. 1962.
- Winter Love. By Han Suyin. 1962.
- The Killing of Sister George. By Frank Marcus. 1963. (Basis for the 1968 film The Killing of Sister George (1968).)
- Desert of the Heart. By Jane Rule. 1964. (Basis for the 1985 film Desert Hearts.)
- From Doon with Death. By Ruth Rendell. 1964.
- The_Man_from_C.A.M.P.. By Victor J. Banis writing as "Don Holliday". 1966. (The gang the main character is investigating is headed by a lesbian nicknamed Big Daddy.)
- The Microcosm. By Maureen Duffy. 1966.
- A Compass Error. By Sybille Bedford. 1968.
- Patience and Sarah. By Isabel Miller. 1969.
- The Female Man. By Joanna Russ. 1970.
- Rubyfruit Jungle. By Rita Mae Brown. 1973.
- Loving Her. By Ann Allen Shockley. 1974. (Openly features a black lesbian protagonist and an interracial lesbian relationship. Widely considered to be the first published African-American lesbian literature.)
- Lover. By Bertha Harris. 1976.
- Cytherea's Breath. By Sarah Aldridge. 1976.
- '. By Audre Lorde. 1982. (A biomythography, or autobiographical novel interweaving mythical and historical elements.)
- The Color Purple. By Alice Walker. 1982.
- Toothpick House. By Lee Lynch. 1983.
- Curious Wine. By Katherine V. Forrest. 1983.
- Daughters of a Coral Dawn. By Katherine V. Forrest. 1984.
- Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. By Jeanette Winterson. 1985. (A fictionalized autobiography; a coming-of-age story. Follows a lesbian girl raised in an English Pentecostal church. Included in the GCSE and A-Level reading lists for England and Wales.)
- Mohawk Trail. By Beth Brant. 1985. (This collection of stories, poems, and anecdotes about families connected by blood, gayness, and poverty.)
- Mousson de femmes (Monsoon of Women). By Elula Perrin. 1985.
- The Swashbuckler. By Lee Lynch. 1985.
- Lesbian Body. By Monique Wittig. 1986.
- Say Jesus and Come to Me. By Ann Allen Shockley. 1986.
- Memory Board. By Jane Rule. 1987.
- Trash. By Dorothy Allison. 1988.
- The Child Garden. By Geoff Ryman. 1989. (This work by a gay male author features a lesbian protagonist. Winner of Arthur C. Clarke Award.)
- July Nights and Other Stories. By Jane Eaton Hamilton. 1991.
- Touchwood. By Karin Kallmaker. 1991.
- The Gilda Stories. By Jewelle Gomez. 1991.
- Ammonite. By Nicola Griffith. 1991.
- Send My Roots Rain. By Ibis Gómez-Vega. 1991.
- Six of One. By Rita Mae Brown. 1991
- Aquamarine. By Carol Anshaw. 1993.
- Bastard Out of Carolina. By Dorothy Allison. 1993.
- Stone Butch Blues. By Leslie Feinberg. 1993. (A fictionalized autobiography portraying working-class butch-femme culture, following a butch main character.)
- Chelsea Girls. By Eileen Myles. 1994.
- Empire of Dreams. By Giannina Braschi. 1994.
- Written on the Body. By Jeanette Winterson. 1994.
- Hadra. By Diana Rivers. 1995.
- Flashpoint. By Katherine V. Forrest. 1995.
- Slow River. By Nicola Griffith. 1995.
- Along the Journey River. By Carole LaFavor. 1996.
- Fall on Your Knees. By Ann-Marie MacDonald. 1996
- Memory Mambo. By Achy Obejas. 1996.
- Living at Night. By Mariana Romo Carmona. 1997.
- Sweet Bitter Love. By Rita Schiano. 1997
- The Passion. By Jeanette Winterson. 1997.
- Working Parts. By Lucy Jane Bledsoe. 1997.
- Hood. By Emma Donoghue. 1998.
- Don't Explain: Short Fiction. By Jewelle Gomez. 1998. (Short stories.)
- Coachella. By Sheila Ortiz Taylor. 1998.
- Summer Sisters. By Judy Blume. 1998.
- Like. By Ali Smith. 1998.
- The Hours. By Michael Cunningham. 1998. (A tribute to Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway, the novel depicts lesbian characters in the 1940s and 1990s.)
- Kissing the Witch. By Emma Donoghue. 1999.
2000-present
Young adult fiction
This section is intended for lesbian-themed fiction that is suitable in complexity and content for teenage readers. Since there is some variability in these individual judgments, a work being marketed under "YA" is sufficient to meet the criteria for inclusion. It can include novels, graphic novels, and plays.
Modern Lesbian Fiction Subcultures
In addition to the ongoing publication of lesbian novels, plays, and stories, several lesbian publishing subcultures have emerged in modern times.
Fanfiction
Fanfiction writers have produced many works in which female characters from fictional sources (such as television shows, movies, video games, anime, manga or comic books) are paired in romantic, spiritual, or sexual relationships. The genre is known by a variety of terms, including femslash, saffic, yuri and f/f slash. Lesbian content in fanfiction dates at least to 1977, but has become more popular during the 1990s and 2000s.
Mystery Series
There is also a thriving culture of mystery novels and series starring lesbian detectives. This includes lengthy mystery series by Kate Calloway, Cheryl A Head, Claire McNab, Mary Wings, Penny Mickelbury, Sarah Caudwell, Ellen Hart, Katherine V. Forrest, Laurie R. King, Manda Scott, Sandra Scoppettone, Lori L. Lake, J.M. Redmann, Amelia Ellis, Nikki Baker, Sarah Dreher, Stella Duffy, and Jessie Chandler, among many others.
Lesbian and feminist publishing houses
Further reading
- The Lesbian in Literature by Gene Damon (Barbara Grier) â bibliography of any title with lesbian content through 1969
- Chloe plus Olivia â An Anthology of Lesbian Literature from the Seventeenth Century to the Present, ed. Lillian Faderman, Penguin Books 1995
- Las Tortilleras: Hispanic and U.S. Latina Lesbian Expression, edited by Inmaculada Perpetusa-Seva and Lourdes Torres, Temple University Press 2003
Thesis
See also
Notes
References
External links