Photographic lenses for Hasselblad cameras have been designed and manufactured by several companies, primarily by Carl Zeiss AG; others include Fujifilm, Kodak, Nittoh, Rodenstock, and Schneider.
The first cameras assembled by Victor Hasselblad were supplied to the Swedish Air Force as the ROSS HK-7, which was reverse-engineered from a recovered German camera for aerial reconnaissance, the Hk 12,5/7ÃÂ9. 240 handheld HK-7s were produced between 1941 and 1943. It captures images, giving it a crop factor of for 135 film equivalent, and was fitted with one of three non-interchangeable lenses.
After testing the HK-7, the Swedish Air Force commissioned Hasselblad to produce another aerial camera, this time mounted to the airplane. Hasselblad produced the Ross SKa 4 and SKa 4a, which both accept interchangeable lenses and film magazines, differing in how the standard (150 mm) lens was stored. Both cameras capture images, giving a crop factor of .
The SKa 4/4a were re-engineered for land combat and the resulting camera, the MK 80, featured tripod support and periscope attachments, along with a set of slower shutter speeds. Although the lens mount is physically compatible with the SKa 4/4a, lenses were tested and paired to the camera body, so a lens from a different body may not have the correct focus distance. It captured images, giving a crop factor of .
The final cameras assembled by Ross for the Swedish military were labeled as the SKa 5, intended for aerial photogrammetry. Only 24 were built. It captured images, giving a crop factor of .
The traditional Hasselblad medium format film cameras capture images on 120 film in the 6ÃÂ6 cm (nominal) frame size; the actual frame size measures , which is larger than small format 135 film, with a frame size of . This means the crop factor for most film-based Hasselblad cameras (based on diagonal angle of view) compared to "full-frame" 135 is ; for example, a V system lens with a focal length of 80 mm would have the equivalent coverage of a lens with a focal length of approximately mm on a 135 film camera. If the square format images are cropped to an equivalent 3:2 aspect ratio, the resulting images would have an equivalent focal length multiplier of , so the 80 mm lens has the equivalent angle of view as a mm lens on a 135 film camera.
The original normal lens for the 1600F and 1000F was the Kodak Ektar 80 mm . It was succeeded by the Zeiss Tessar in 1953.
Zeiss lenses for V system cameras can be divided into several series:
Most V system bodies are single lens reflex cameras, using a mirror to view and frame the scene through the same lens that captures the image. Hasselblad also made the Superwide camera (SW/SWC) line, which are each equipped with a fixed 38 mm Zeiss Biogon lens but omits the mirror and reflex viewfinder, as those are precluded by the symmetric wide-angle lens design. Other specialized bodies included the FlexBody and ArcBody, which permitted view camera-like tilt and shift movements using a front lens standard connected via a flexible bellows to a rear film standard which accepted V system film backs. While the FlexBody accepted standard V system interchangeable lenses from the C/CF series, the ArcBody used specialized Rodenstock Grandagon lenses to permit a wider range of movements.
Hasselblad and Fujifilm jointly designed the H system cameras and lenses, with Fujifilm responsible for manufacturing. Each lens has an in-lens electronic leaf shutter, and the HC lenses also were sold with Fujinon branding. The Hasselblad H1 was sold with cosmetic changes as the Fujifilm GX645AF, but subsequent H system cameras do not have a Fujifilm equivalent. H system cameras accept backs which use either 120 film in the 645 format or several different sizes of digital image sensors, all of which are larger than the frame size of 135 film or equivalent "full-frame" sensors.
The 645 format is nominally 6ÃÂ4.5 cm, but actual frame measurements are , which gives a crop factor (aka focal length multiplier) of compared to 135 film. For comparison, a H system lens with a focal length of 80 mm using an H system film back would have the equivalent coverage of a lens with a focal length of approximately mm on a "full-frame" camera.
The digital sensor used in Hasselblad's product literature to determine equivalent focal length is the 100 MP CMOS sensor, which measures . This means the corresponding crop factor for H system lenses (based on diagonal angle of view) using this sensor size compared to "full-frame" 135 is , nearly identical to the crop factor using 645 film; for example, a H system lens with a focal length of 80 mm capturing images using this sensor would have the equivalent coverage of a lens with a focal length of approximately mm on a "full-frame" camera.
HCD lenses are optimized for slightly smaller image sensors covering , so the crop factor for HCD lenses is slightly greater at . With these sensors, an 80 mm lens would have the equivalent coverage of a lens with a focal length of approximately mm on a "full-frame" camera.
The X system uses a digital sensor which measures , larger than the "full-frame" sensors based on 135 film. This means the crop factor for X system lenses (based on diagonal angle of view) compared to "full-frame" 135 is ; for example, a X system lens with a focal length of 65 mm would have the equivalent coverage of a lens with a focal length of approximately mm on a "full-frame" camera.
X system lenses are designed by Hasselblad and manufactured in Japan by Nittoh Kogaku, who also manufactured the lenses for the XPan/TX. X system cameras can accept XPan, H system, and V system lenses with the appropriate adapters; for adapted H system lenses, leaf shutter, autofocus, and aperture control are retained.
The Fujifilm TX-1 is a rangefinder which captures images in standard 24ÃÂ36 mm format or panoramic 24ÃÂ65 mm format on 135 film, introduced in 1998 and marketed by Hasselblad as the XPan outside of Japan. It was succeeded by the TX-2 / XPan II in 2003.
The crop factor for the panoramic format (based on diagonal angle of view) compared to "full-frame" 135 is ; for example, the 90 mm XPan lens in panoramic mode would have the equivalent coverage across the diagonal of a lens with a focal length of approximately mm on a standard 135 film camera.