List of investigational headache and migraine drugs

This is a list of investigational headache and migraine drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of headaches and/or migraines but are not yet approved. They may also be referred to as investigational antimigraine agents.

Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses. The format of list items is "Name (Synonyms) – Mechanism of Action – Indication [Reference]".

This list was last comprehensively updated in September 2025. It is likely to become outdated with time.

Under development

Phase 3

• Botulinum toxin A (AboBoNT-A; AbobotulinumtoxinA; Alluzience; Azzalure; BoNT-A; BTX-A; Dysport; Reloxin) – acetylcholine release inhibitor and neuromuscular blocking agent – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800010369
• Botulinum toxin A (Bocouture; Incobotulinum toxin A; NT-201; Vibe/Xeomin; ViXe; Xeomeen; Xeomin; Zeomaine) – acetylcholine release inhibitor and neuromuscular blocking agent – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800014538
• Eptinezumab (ALD-403; Lu-AG09221; Vyepti) – monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) – cluster headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800035929
• Naproxen/rizatriptan (rizatriptan/naproxen) – combination of naproxen (COX inhibitor/NSAID) and rizatriptan (triptan) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800058634
• Promethazine/sumatriptan (CL-H1T) – combination of promethazine (anthistamine, anticholinergic, other actions) and sumatriptan (triptan) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800037447

Phase 2/3

• Acetaminophen/naltrexone – combination of acetaminophen (analgesic) and naltrexone (opioid receptor antagonist) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800038509

Phase 2

• AGX-201 (histamine dihydrochloride salt) – histamine H₁ receptor antagonist and histamine H₃ receptor agonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800064412
• BHV-2100 – transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 (TRPM3) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800066927
• Botulinum toxin A longer acting (IPN-10200; mrBoNT) – acetylcholine release inhibitor and neuromuscular blocking agent – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800052078
• CAM-01 (C-AM-01) – undefined mechanism of action – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800056962
• Dihydroergotamine mesilate (DFN-19) – non-selective monoamine receptor modulator and ergoline – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800053943
• Doxepin intranasal (Dolorac) – tricyclic antidepressant (non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor and receptor modulator and other actions) – headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800033233
• Elismetrep (K-304; MT-8554) – transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800042351
• Erenumab (Aimovig; AMG-334) – monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) – headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800037098
• Eslicarbazepine acetate (Aptiom; BIA 2-093; ESL; Exalief; SEP-0002093; SEP-2093; Stedesa; Zebinix) – sodium channel blocker – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800012911
• IONIS-PKKRx (ISIS-546254; ISIS-PKKRx) – antisense oligonucleotide against kallikrein – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039069
• Ketoprofen topical (ELS-M11; Topofen) – COX inhibitor/NSAID – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039904
• LAT-8881 (AOD9604; Tyr-hGH171191) – human growth hormone protein fragment and lanthionine synthetase C-like protein (LanCL) ligand – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800010861
• LU-AG09222 (ALD-1910) – monoclonal antibody against pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800056269
• LY-3451838 (PACAP-38 antibody) – monoclonal antibody against pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800053087
• Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; MM-120) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – cluster headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800058011
• MTX-101 – undefined mechanism of action – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800080694
• Pasireotide (Signifor; SOM-230) – somatostatin receptor agonist – cluster headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800018195
• Prabotulinumtoxin A (ABP-450; DWP-450; Evosyal; Jeuveau; Nabota; Nuceiva) – acetylcholine release inhibitor and neuromuscular blocking agent – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800040116
• Sepranolone (isoallopregnanolone; UC-1010) – GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator and neurosteroid – menstrual migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800036513
• TRV-250 – δ-opioid receptor (DOR) agonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800049491
• (R)-Verapamil – calcium channel blocker and other actions – cluster headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800041038
• Zelminemab (AMG-301) – monoclonal antibody against pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor (PAC₁R) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043201

Phase 1/2

• XC-101 (XC101; XC101-D13H) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT₇ receptor agonist, serotonin 5-HT_1D and 5-HT_1F receptor partial agonist, and serotonin 5-HT_2A, 5-HT_2B, and 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800051258

Phase 1

• 2-Bromo-LSD (bromolysergide; BOL-148; NYPRG-101) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor agonist and other actions – cluster headache, migraine
• JS-010 – monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800054165
• Meloxicam – COX inhibitor/NSAID – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800044076

Preclinical

• 2-Bromo-LSD (bromolysergide; BOL-148; BETR-001, TD-0148A) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor agonist and other actions – cluster headache
• GA-2601 – undefined mechanism of action – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800079146
• MST-02 – undefined mechanism of action – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800081287
• TACT908 – serotonin 5-HT_1B receptor agonist and non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor partial agonist – cluster headache

Research

• Research programme: Neurological disorder therapeutics - Lario Therapeutics – undefined mechanism of action – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800079714

Phase unknown

• AST-004 – adenosine A₁ and A₃ receptor agonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800066386
• Propofol hemisuccinate (EP-102; EP-103) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator (propofol prodrug) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800054982
• Topiramate oral suspension – various actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800056707

Not under development

Preregistration submission withdrawal

• Frovatriptan (Allegro; Auradol; EN-3266; Frova; Isimig; Migard; Pitunal; Rilamig; SB-209509; SB-209509AX; VML-251) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – menstrual migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800003815

Suspended

• Zolmitriptan transdermal (M-207; Qtrypta; triptan microneedle patch) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – cluster headache, migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800042233

No development reported

• AF-130 – purinergic P2X3 receptor antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800044040
• B-244 (AOB-101; AOB-102; AOB-103; AOB-201; AOB-202; AOB-203; B244; nitrosomonas eutropha D23) – bacteria replacement – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800042724
• Carabersat (SB-204269) – undefined mechanism of action (anticonvulsant) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800009654
• CLE-500 – undefined mechanism of action – cluster headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800056298
• CT-044 analogues - CERSCI Therapeutics – reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800055642
• Cyclobenzaprine extended release (Amrix; Bonelax; EUR-1002) – tricyclic antidepressant (non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor and receptor modulator and other actions) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026945
• Donepezil (Allydone; Aricept; E-2020; E-2022; Eranz) – acetylcholinesterase inhibitor – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001402
• Donitriptan mesilate (F-12640) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800012002
• Estetrol (E4; Donesta) – estrogen (estrogen receptor agonist) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800044874
• Filorexant (MK-6096) – orexin OX₁ and OX₂ receptor antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800031738
• Flunarizine (XEN-007) – calcium channel blocker, non-selective monoamine receptor modulator, other actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800051503
• Ibudilast (AV-411; Eyevinal; Ibinal; KC-404; Ketas; MN-166; Pinatos) – phosphodiesterase PDE4 inhibitor – headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800003982
• IPX-232 – undefined mechanism of action – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039030
• Ketamine hydrochloride intranasal – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – cluster headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800056086
• Ondansetron/rizatriptan oral transmucosal film (rizatriptan/ondansetron; MSRX-202) – combination of ondansetron (serotonin 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist and antiemetic) and rizatriptan (triptan) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800036761
• Oxytocin (TI-001; TI-114; TNX-1900; TNX-2900) – oxytocin receptor agonist – headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800031615
• Piroxicam betadex (β-cyclodextrin piroxicam; Brexecam; Brexidol; Brexin; Brexine; Brexinil; CHF 1194; Cicladol; Cycladol; Flogene; piroxicam β-cyclodextrin) – COX inhibitor/NSAID – migraine, tension-type headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011434
• Psilocybin (low-dose psilocybin; BPL-PSILO) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800065009
• Psilocybin (MYCO-001; MYCO-003) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800061306
• Psilocybin (SYNP-101; synthetic psilocybin) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – cluster headache, migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800068652
• Relutrigine (PRAX-562) – sodium channel blocker – headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800059775
• Research programme: calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists - Merck (CGRP receptor antagonists; Imidazoazepanes; MK-2918; MK-8825) – calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonists https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800028232
• Research programme: GPCR modulators - Nxera Pharma – various actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029765
• Research programme: migraine and pain therapeutics - NeurAxon – various actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026859
• Research programme: pain and migraine therapy - OptiNose (OPT-1005) – undefined mechanism of action – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800022197
• Rizatriptan intranasal – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800050404
• Rizatriptan oral film – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800047771
• Salubrin (PH80; PH-80; ORG-39479) – vomeropherine – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011065 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043365
• Sumatriptan (Imigran Nasal Spray; Imitrex Nasal Spray) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – menstrual migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800009562
• Sumatriptan transmucosal (Omexa) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800048233
• Zucapsaicin (cis-capsaicin; Civamide; Civanex; Dolorac; Neuroderm; Zuacta) – transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) agonist – cluster headache, migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800005259

Discontinued

• Alniditan (R-91274) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006286
• Avitriptan (BMS-180048) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002927
• Bezisterim (HE-3286; NE-3107; Triolex; 17α-ethynyl-5-androstene-3β,7β,17β-triol) – undefined mechanism of action (synthetic androstenetriol analogue and anti-inflammatory) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800021683
• BI-44370 (BI44370) – calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800028842
• Botulinum toxin A topical (RT-001) – acetylcholine release inhibitor and neuromuscular blocking agent – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800033087
• Carisbamate (Comfyde; JNJ-10234094; RWJ-333369; YKP-509) – unknown mechanism of action – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800010940
• Dasolampanel (NGX-426) – ionotropic glutamate AMPA and kainate receptor antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800023744
• Dextromethorphan/quinidine (DXM/Q; AVP-923; Neurodex; Nuedexta; Zenvia) – combination of dextromethorphan (various actions) and quinidine (various actions) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800015120
• Dihydroergocryptine (SRN-001) – non-selective monoamine receptor modulator and ergoline – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800021116
• Donitriptan (F-11356) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800010652
• Dotarizine (Dotaricin; FI-6026) – calcium channel blocker and serotonin 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_2A, and 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800003533
• Dronabinol (Δ⁹-THC; Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol; Deltanyne; Elevat; Marinol) – cannabinoid CB₁ and CB₂ receptor agonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800007811
• Ergotamine inhalation (Tempo-ergotamine) – non-selective monoamine receptor modulator and ergoline – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013270
• Esprolol – beta blocker (β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011278
• Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (DP3; DR-103; DR-105; LoSeasonique; Seasonique) – combination of ethinylestradiol (an estrogen) and levonorgestrel (a progestogen) and a combined oral contraceptive – menstrual migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800018773
• (S)-Ethylisothiouronium diethylphosphate (Difetur; MTR-104; MTR-105; MTR-106; MTR-107; MTR-108; Raviclust; Ravimig; Raviten) – nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800018753
• Fremanezumab (Ajovy; LBR-101; PF-04427429; PF-4427429; RN-307; TEV-48125) – monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) – cluster headache, headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800024333
• Gabapentin (CI-945; Gabapen; GOE-3450; Neurontin) – gabapentinoid (α₂δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel ligand) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002421
• Gabapentin enacarbil (1838262; ASP8825; GSK-1838262; Horizant; Regnite; Solzira; XP13512) – gabapentinoid (α₂δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel ligand) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800018148
• Ganaxolone (CCD-1042; Ztalmy) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and neurosteroid – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800004287
• HTL-0022562 (BHV-3100; HTL-22562) – calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800061344
• IS-159 – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800005786
• Lacosamide (ADD-234037; Erlosamide; Harkoseride; SPM-927; SPM-929; Vimpat; Vimpato) – various actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011364
• Lanepitant (LY-303870) – neurokinin NK₁ receptor antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006197
• Lidocaine transdermal patch (ADL-87223; LidoPAIN) – sodium channel blocker – headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800018527
• Lornoxicam (Bosporon; Chlortenoxicam; HN-10000; RO-139297; Safem; TS-110; Xefo) – COX inhibitor/NSAID – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000973
• LY-2300559 – metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR₂) positive allosteric modulator and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032738
• LY-334370 – serotonin 5-HT_1F receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800008817
• MEDI-0618 – monoclonal antibody against protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800056882
• Olcegepant (BIBN-4096; BIBN-4096BS) – calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011055
• Oxytocin (TI-001; TI-114; TNX-1900; TNX-2900) – oxytocin receptor agonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800031615
• Perampanel (E-2007; ER-155055-90; Fycompa) – AMPA receptor antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800015670
• PF-5180999 (PF-05180999) – phosphodiesterase PDE2 inhibitor – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800034965
• PNU-142633 (PNU-142633F) – serotonin 5-HT_1D receptor agonist – cluster headache, headache, migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013927
• Prochlorperazine inhalation (AZ-001) – typical antipsychotic (non-selective monoamine receptor modulator) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800021922
• Propisergide (ergalgin) – serotonin receptor modulator and ergoline – migraine
• Propofol phosphate (Neuprox; propofol prodrug) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator (propofol prodrug) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800021298
• Research programme: migraine therapy - Orexo (OX-40; OX641) – undefined mechanism of action – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800022464
• Selurampanel (BGG-492; BGG-492A) – ionotropic glutamate AMPA and kainate receptor antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800030122
• Sergolexole (LY-281067) – serotonin 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist and ergoline – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000706
• Telcagepant (MK-0974) – calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800024645
• Tezampanel (LY-293558; NGX-424; PRN-001-01) – ionotropic glutamate AMPA and kainate receptor antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800003462
• Tizanidine (AN-021A; AN-021; DS-103282; Sirdalud; Ternelin; Zanaflex) – α₂-adrenergic receptor agonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800007024
• Tonabersat (SB-220453; USL-260; Xiflam) – connexin 43 (GJA1) inhibitor – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800009677
• Zolmitriptan inhalation (CVT-427) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043821
• Zonisamide (AD-810; CI-912; Excegran; Kinaplase; PD-110843; Tremode; Trerief; Zonegran) – calcium channel blocker, sodium channel blocker, and other actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800009249

Clinically used drugs

Approved drugs

COX inhibitors/NSAIDs

• Celecoxib (DFN-15; Elyxyb) – COX inhibitor/NSAID – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800042697
• Dexibuprofen (Daxfen; DexOptifen; Movone; (S)-(+)-ibuprofen; Seractil; Ultraprofen) – COX inhibitor/NSAID – headache https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006826

Triptans (serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonists)

• Almotriptan (Almogran; Axert; LAS-31416) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800005783
• Eletriptan (Relert; Relpax; UK-116044) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine, menstrual migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800004254
• Frovatriptan (Allegro; Auradol; EN-3266; Frova; Isimig; Migard; Pitunal; Rilamig; SB-209509; SB-209509AX; VML-251) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800003815
• Naratriptan (Amerge; GR-85548; GR-85548A; Naramig; SMP-948) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002010
• Rizatriptan (L-705126; Maxalt; MK-0462; MK-462) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002912
• Rizatriptan oral film (INT-0008; RHB-103; Rizafilm; VersaFilm; RizaPort) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800030545
• Sumatriptan (Imigran Nasal Spray; Imitrex Nasal Spray) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800009562
• Zolmitriptan (311-C90; 311C; AscoTop; BW-311C90; Zomig; Zomigon) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – cluster headache, menstrual migraine, migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002911
• Zolmitriptan oral dispersible film (zolmitriptan ODF; Zolmitriptan PharmaFilm; Zolmitriptan RapidFilm; Zolmitriptan Renantos Schmelzfilm) – serotonin 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptor agonist and triptan – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032266

Ergolines (non-selective monoamine receptor modulators)

• Dihydroergotamine (DHE; INP-104; POD-DHE; Trudhesa) – non-selective monoamine receptor modulator and ergoline – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043432
• Dihydroergotamine mesilate intranasal (Atzumi; STS-101; TO-2070) – non-selective monoamine receptor modulator and ergoline – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800038956
• Dihydroergotamine mesylate intranasal (Migranal) – non-selective monoamine receptor modulator and ergoline – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800009972

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors

• Atogepant (AGN-241689; Aquipta; MK-8031; Qulipta) – calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800047515
• Eptinezumab (ALD-403; Lu-AG09221; Vyepti) – monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800035929
• Erenumab (Aimovig; AMG-334) – monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800037098
• Fremanezumab (Ajovy; LBR-101; PF-04427429; PF-4427429; RN-307; TEV-48125) – monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800024333
• Galcanezumab (Emgality; LY-2951742) – monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) – cluster headache, migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800034098
• Rimegepant (BHV-3000; BMS-927711; Nurtec; Vydura) – calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800034984
• Ubrogepant (MK-1602; Ubrelvy) – calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800036373
• Zavegepant (BHV-3500; BMS-742413; PF-07930207; Vazegepant; Zavzpret) – calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800053197

Combination drugs

• Butalbital/acetaminophen (Butapap) – combination of butalbital (GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and barbiturate) and acetaminophen (analgesic)
• Ergotamine/caffeine (Cafergot) – combination of ergotamine (non-selective monoamine receptor modulator and ergoline) and caffeine (adenosine receptor antagonist)
• Ergotamine/chlorcyclizine/caffeine (Anervan) – combination of ergotamine (non-selective monoamine receptor modulator and ergoline), chlorcyclizine (antihistamine and other actions), and caffeine (adenosine receptor antagonist)
• Meloxicam/rizatriptan (AXS-07; Symbravo) – combination of meloxicam (COX inhibitor/NSAID) and rizatriptan (triptan) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800050812
• Naproxen sodium/sumatriptan (MT-400; SumaRT/Nap; Suvexx; Trexima; Treximet) – combination of naproxen (COX inhibitor/NSAID) and sumatriptan (triptan) – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800015068
• Paracetamol/codeine/buclizine (Migraleve Yellow) – combination of paracetamol (analgesic) and codeine (opioid)
• Paracetamol/codeine/buclizine (Migraleve Pink) – combination of paracetamol (analgesic), codeine (opioid), and buclizine (antihistamine and other actions)
• Paracetamol/dichloralphenazone/isometheptene (Amidrine) – combination of paracetamol (analgesic), dichloralphenazone (phenazone (COX inhibitor/NSAID) and chloral hydrate (GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator)), and isometheptene (adrenergic receptor agonist)
• Paracetamol/metoclopramide (Paramax) – combination of paracetamol (analgesic) and metoclopramide (various actions)
• Sumatriptan/naproxen (Treximet) – combination of sumatriptan (triptan) and naproxen (COX inhibitor/NSAID)

Other drugs

• Alpiropride (Revistel, Rivistel, Rivestel) – dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist – migraine
• Dimetotiazine (Banistyl, Normelin) – non-selective monoamine receptor modulator – migraine
• Flumedroxone acetate (Demigran, Leomigran) – progestogen (progesterone receptor agonist) – migraine
• Iprazochrome (Divascan) – serotonin receptor antagonist – migraine
• Lasmiditan (COL-144; LY-573144; Rayvow; Reyvow) – serotonin 5-HT_1F receptor agonist – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800028519
• Lomerizine (DE-090; KB-2796; Migsis) – non-selective monoamine receptor modulator, other actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002033
• Onabotulinum toxin A (BoNTA; Botox; GSK-1358820; OnabotA X; Vistabel; Vistabex) – acetylcholine release inhibitor and neuromuscular blocking agent – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800008810
• Oxetorone (Nocertone, Oxedix) – non-selective monoamine receptor modulator – migraine
• Topiramate (Epitomax; KW-6485; MCN-4853; RWJ-17021; Topamax; Topimax; Topina) – various actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002416
• Topiramate oral (Eprontia; ET-101) – various actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800054429
• Topiramate extended-release (SPN-538; TPM XR; Trokendi XR; Trokesa) – various actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029751
• Valproate semisodium (Depakote; Divalproex; Divalproex sodium; Epival; LA40220) – various actions – migraine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013390

Off-label drugs

• α₂-Adrenergic receptor agonists (e.g., clonidine, tizanidine)
• Acetaminophen (paracetamol)
• Adenosine receptor antagonists (e.g., caffeine)
• Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) (e.g., lisinopril)
• Angiotensin receptor antagonists (e.g., candesartan, telmisartan)
• Antipsychotics and related (e.g., prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, haloperidol, promethazine, chlorpromazine)
• Anticonvulsants (e.g., valproic acid)
• Barbiturates (e.g., butalbital, proxibarbital)
• Beta blockers (β-adrenergic receptor antagonists) (e.g., propranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, timolol, atenolol)
• Calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil, nimodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem)
• Cannabinoids (cannabinoid receptor agonists) (e.g., cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC))
• Corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone, prednisone)
• Ergoline monoamine receptor modulators (e.g., ergotamine, methylergometrine, methysergide, dihydroergocryptine, bromocriptine, lisuride)
• Estrogens (estrogen receptor agonists) (e.g., estradiol, ethinylestradiol)
• Gabapentinoids (α₂δ subunit-containing volate-gated calcium channel ligands) (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin)
• Melatonin
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; COX inhibitors) (e.g., ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen, diclofenac, ketorolac, ketoprofen)
• Opioids (μ-opioid receptor agonists) (e.g., morphine, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone)
• Progestogens (progesterone receptor agonists) (e.g., progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate)
• Propofol
• Serotonergic psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dimethyltryptamine (DMT))
• Serotonin receptor antagonists (e.g., methysergide, pizotifen, cyproheptadine)
• Sodium channel blockers (e.g., lidocaine)
• Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) (e.g., mianserin, mirtazapine)
• Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine)

See also

• List of investigational drugs
• Antimigraine drug
• Management of migraine

References

External links

• AdisInsight - Springer