List of former European colonies

This is a list of former European colonies.

North America

Denmark

• Danish West Indies
• Greenland
• Colony of Greenland
• County of Greenland
• North Greenland
• South Greenland

France

• New France
• Canada
• Acadia
• Île-Royale
• Illinois
• Louisiana
• Saint-Domingue

Great Britain

• British America (New Britain)
• Canada
• Island of St. John
• Lower Canada
• Province of Quebec
• Upper Canada
• Newfoundland Colony
• "Thirteen Colonies" (The United States of America)
• New England Colonies:
• Province of Massachusetts Bay
• Province of New Hampshire
• Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
• Connecticut Colony
• Province of New York
• Province of New Jersey
• Province of Pennsylvania
• Delaware Colony
• Province of Maryland
• Colony of Virginia
• Province of North Carolina
• Province of South Carolina
• Province of Georgia
• Other North American colonies
• Province of East Florida
• Province of West Florida
• British Honduras
• Bay Islands

Iceland

• Greenland

Netherlands

• New Netherland (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)

Norway

• Greenland

Russia

• Russian Alaska

Scotland

• Nova Scotia

Spain

• Mexico (1521)
• Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
• Las Californias
• Nuevo Reino de León
• Nuevo Santander
• Nueva Vizcaya
• Santa Fe de Nuevo México
• Nueva Extremadura
• Nueva Galicia
• Captaincy General of Cuba
• Puerto Rico
• Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
• Captaincy General of Guatemala
• Costa Rica
• El Salvador
• East Florida and West Florida

Sweden

• New Sweden
• St. Barthelemy

Caribbean

Brandenburg

• St Thomas

Courland

• New Courland (Tobago)

Denmark-Norway

• Saint John
• Saint Thomas
• Saint Croix

France

• Anguilla
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Dominica
• Grenada
• Montserrat
• Nevis
• Saint Christophe (St Kitts)
• Saint Croix
• Saint-Domingue (Hispaniola)
• Sainte-Lucia (St Lucia)
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Sint Eustatius
• Tobago

Knights of Malta

• Saint Barthélemy
• Saint Martin
• Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
• Saint Croix
• Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)

Netherlands

• New Walcheren (Tobago)

Spain

• Belize
• Jamaica
• Spanish West Indies
• The Bahamas
• Cuba
• Hispaniola
• Puerto Rico
• Trinidad

Sweden

• Saint-Barthélemy

Sweden-Norway

• Cooper Island
• Saint-Barthélemy (1814–1878)

United Kingdom

• The Bahamas
• Barbados
• Belize
• Jamaica
• Leeward Islands
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Dominica
• Saint Christopher (St Kitts)-Nevis
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Windward Islands
• Grenada
• Saint Lucia
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

South America

Augsburg/Nuremberg

• Welserland (Venezuela)

France

• Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)

(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)

• Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)

Netherlands

• Berbice (Guyana)
• Demerara
• Dutch colonisation of the Guianas, overview
• Surinam (Suriname)
• Essequibo
• New Holland (Brazil – Half the captaincies)

Portugal

• Brazil
• Cisplatina (Uruguay)
• Sacramento
• Misiones Orientales

Spain

• Kingdom of Tierra Firme (1498–1537)
• Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–1513)
• Governorate of Castilla de Oro (1514–1539)
• Governorate of New Castile (1529–1542)
• Governorate of New Toledo (1529–1542)
• Governorate of New León (1529–1539)
• Governorate of New Andalusia (1534–1617)
• Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1824)
• New Kingdom of Granada (1538–1717) (1723–1739)
• Real Audiencia of Panamá (1538–1717) (1723–1739)
• Captaincy General of Chile (1541–1818)
• Real Audiencia of Lima (1542–1821)
• Governorate of the Río de la Plata (1549–1776)
• Real Audiencia of Charcas (1559–1776)
• Real Audiencia of Quito (1563–1717) (1723–1739)
• Real Audiencia of Concepción (1565–1575)
• Governorate of Guayrá (1617–1776)
• Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires (1661–1671)
• Real Audiencia of Cuzco (1787–1825)
• Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1723) (1739–1810) (1815–1822)
• Real Audiencia of Panamá (1717–1723) (1739–1752)
• Real Audiencia of Quito (1717–1723) (1739–1822)
• Captaincy General of Venezuela (1777–1824)
• Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1814)
• Governorate of Paraguay (1776–1782)
• Real Audiencia of Charcas (1776–1821)
• Upper Peru (1821–1825)

United Kingdom

• British Guiana
• Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara
• Surinam

Africa

Belgium

• Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
• Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda and Burundi)

Brandenburg

• Arguin (in Mauritania)
• Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Courland

• St. Andrews Island (in the Gambia)

Denmark-Norway

• Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

France

• Albreda (in The Gambia)
• Comoros
• French Dahomey (Benin)
• French Algeria
• French Cameroon (91% of modern Cameroon)
• French Chad
• French Congo (Republic of the Congo)
• French Guinea (Guinea)
• French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
• French Somaliland (Djibouti)
• French Sudan (Mali)
• French Togoland (Togo)
• French Madagascar
• Gabon
• Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
• Colonial Mauritania
• French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco)
• Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
• Senegal
• Senegambia and Niger
• Upper Senegal and Niger
• Colony of Niger
• French protectorate of Tunisia

Germany

• German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
• German South-West Africa (Namibia)
• Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
• Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
• Wituland (Lamu Island, owned by Kenya)

Hospitaller Malta

• Tripoli

Italy

• Italian East Africa
• Italian Eritrea
• Italian Somaliland (now Somalia)
• Italian Libya

Netherlands

• Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
• Dutch Cape Colony
• Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
• Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
• Gorée (Senegal)
• Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
• São Tomé
• South Africa
• Mauritius

Portugal

• Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
• Portuguese Angola
• Annobón
• Cabinda
• Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
• Ceuta
• Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
• Gorée (in Senegal)
• Malindi
• Mombasa
• Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
• Agadir
• Alcacer Ceguer
• Arzila
• Azamor
• Mazagan
• Mogador
• Safim
• Nigeria (Lagos area)
• Mozambique
• Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
• Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
• Quíloa
• São Tomé and Príncipe
• Tangier
• Zanzibar
• Ziguinchor

Spain

• Bona
• Bougie
• Jerba
• Fernando Po and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea)
• Oran
• Port Guinea
• Río Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea)
• Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
• Spanish West Africa
• Río de Oro
• Saguia el-Hamra
• Tarfaya Strip
• Ifni

Sweden

• Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

United Kingdom

• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
• Basutoland (Lesotho)
• Balleland (Benin)
• Bechuanaland (Botswana)
• British East Africa (Kenya)
• British Somaliland (Somaliland)
• British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
• British Cameroon (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
• British Mauritius
• British Egypt
• Khedivate of Egypt
• Sultanate of Egypt
• Kingdom of Egypt
• Gambia Colony and Protectorate
• Gold Coast (Ghana)
• Colonial Nigeria
• Niger Coast Protectorate
• Northern Nigeria Protectorate
• Southern Nigeria Protectorate
• Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
• Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
• Nyasaland (Malawi)
• Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
• Union of South Africa
• British Cape Colony
• Natal Colony
• Orange River Colony
• Transvaal Colony
• South West Africa (Namibia)
• Walvis Bay
• Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
• Swaziland (Eswatini)
• Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
• Uganda Protectorate
• Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)

West Asia

France

• Syria
• Lebanon

Netherlands

• Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
• Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)

Portugal

• Aden
• Bandar Abbas (Iran)
• Hormuz
• Manama (Bahrain)
• Muharraq Island (Bahrain)
• Muscat (Oman)
• Qeshm

United Kingdom

• Aden Protectorate
• Bahrain
• Cyprus
• Mandatory Iraq
• Sheikhdom of Kuwait
• Muscat and Oman
• Mandatory Palestine
• Qatar
• South Arabia
• Emirate of Transjordan
• Trucial States

South Asia

Indian Ocean Area

Austria

• Banquibazar & Cabelon
• Nicobar Islands

France

• French Comoros
• Isle de France (now Mauritius)
• French Madagascar
• French Seychelles

Netherlands

• Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)

Portugal

• Laccadive Islands (Lakshadweep)
• Malé (Maldives)
• Socotra

United Kingdom

• Mauritius
• Seychelles
• Maldives

Mainland

Denmark-Norway

• Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
• Serampore
• Tranquebar

France

• French India
• Pondicherry
• Karikal
• Yanaon
• Mahé
• Chandernagore

Netherlands

• Dutch Bengal
• Dutch Ceylon
• Dutch India (Dutch Bengal, Suratte, Malabar, Coromandel)

Portugal

• Bombay
• Calicut
• Cambay
• Cannanore
• Ceilão
• Chaul
• Chittagong
• Cochin
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli
• Daman and Diu
• Goa
• Hughli
• Masulipatnam
• Mangalore
• Pegu
• Surat
• Syriam

Sweden

• Parangipettai

United Kingdom

• Territories of the EIC till 1858
• Territories of the British Raj after 1858

Asia-Pacific

Austria

• North Borneo

France

• East Asia
• Indochina
• Cambodia
• Laos
• Vietnam
• Annam
• Cochinchina
• Tonkin

Germany

• German New Guinea
• Bismarck Archipelago
• Caroline Islands (Karolinen)
• Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
• North Solomon Islands
• Gilbert Islands
• German Samoa
• Marshall Islands
• Nauru
• Northern Marianas Islands (Marianen)
• Palau

Netherlands

• Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
• Dutch New Guinea (Western Part of Papua, Indonesia)
• Malacca
• Dutch Formosa

Portugal

• Flores
• Macau
• Malacca
• Moluccas
• Ambon
• Ternate
• Tidore
• Portuguese Timor (Timor-Leste)
• Solor

Spain

• Spanish East Indies
• Philippines
• Marianas Islands
• Guam
• Northern Marianas Islands
• Caroline Islands
• Marshall Islands

United Kingdom

• British Burma
• Australia
• New South Wales
• Queensland
• South Australia
• Swan River Colony/Western Australia
• Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania)
• Victoria
• British Solomon Islands
• British Western Pacific Territories
• Christmas Island
• Cocos Islands
• Colonial Fiji
• Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
• Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
• New Zealand
• Auckland Islands
• Niue
• Norfolk Island
• Territory of Papua and New Guinea
• Territory of New Guinea
• Western Samoa
• Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
• Solomon Islands
• Territory of Papua
• Tokelau
• Tonga
• Southeast Asia
• Malaysia
• British Malaya
• Federated Malay States
• Straits Settlements
• Unfederated Malay States
• British Borneo
• North Borneo
• Kingdom of Sarawak
• Brunei
• Singapore
• China
• Hong Kong

Europe

Denmark

• Iceland

Italy

• Albania
• Dodecanese

Spain

• Spanish Netherlands
• Duchy of Milan
• Kingdom of Naples
• Kingdom of Sicily

Norway

• Iceland
• Faroe Islands
• Isle of Man, Northern Isles, Hebrides

United Kingdom

• Cyprus
• Ionian islands (now part of Greece)
• Ireland
• Malta
• Menorca (now part of Spain)
• Heligoland (now part of Germany)

See also

• Austrian colonial policy
• Belgian colonial empire
• British colonial empire
• Danish colonial empire
• Dutch colonial empire
• French colonial empire
• German colonial empire
• List of former German colonies
• Italian colonial empire
• Portuguese colonial empire
• Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
• Russian colonial empire
• Spanish colonial empire
• Swedish colonial empire

References