This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in South America. It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are the first women in their country to achieve a certain distinction such as obtaining a law degree.
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Argentina
Lawyers
- MarÃÂa Angélica Barreda (1909) and Celia Tapias (1910): First female lawyers respectively in Argentina. Barreda was the first female law graduate in Argentina.
- MarÃÂa Romilda Servini: First female lawyer to work as a prosecutor in Argentina's criminal justice system (1974). She later became the first judge (and female) to return two minors appropriated during the civil-military dictatorship (1976-1983).
- Rosa Chiquichano (1999): First female lawyer of Tehuelche (Mapuche) origin in Argentina. She was also the first Mapuche female lawyer in the Chubut Province, Argentina.
- Karina Miguel (c. 2003): First Roma (female) lawyer in Argentina
- Jordana Duarte Martinelli (2020): First Guarani female lawyer in Argentina
- MarÃÂa Gabriela San MartÃÂn: First female lawyer elected to the Council of the Judiciary in Argentina (2020)
- Antonela Guevara (2023): First Selkünam (female) lawyer in Tierra del Fuego [<nowiki/>Argentina and Chile]
- Mariel Tschieder: First female to serve as the President of the Argentine F<nowiki/>ederation of Bar Associations (FACA) (2024)
General Defender and Attorney General
- Stella Maris MartÃÂnez: First female to serve as the General Defender of the Nation of Argentina (2006)
- Alejandra Gils Carbó: First female to serve as the Attorney General of Argentina (2012)
Judicial officers
Bolivia
- Esilda Villa (1929): First female lawyer in Bolivia
- Nelly Sfeir Gonzalez: First president of reconstituted Union Femenina Universitaria (Union of Women University Students). A licensed lawyer in Bolivia, she was also a law student activist and protest organizer that demanded the vote for women (1952).
- Graciela Lara de Penaranda: First female lawyer to receive a doctorate in Altos Estudios Militares (DAEM) [HIgher Military Studies] (1966)
- MarÃÂa Josefa Saavedra: First female appointed as a Minister (Judge) of the Supreme Court of Justice of Bolivia (1972)
- Elizabeth Iñiguez de Salinas and Silvia Salame Farjat: First females to serve as titular magistrates of the Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (1999; formerly the Constitutional Court of Bolivia when established in 1998). Iñiguez de Salinas later became the first female President of the same court.
- Maria Antonieta Pizza Bilbao: First female to serve as the President of the National Bar Association of Bolivia (2000)
- Elena Lowenthal: First female appointed as the Vocal (District Judges) for the Superior Court of Bolivia (2002)
- Amalia Morales: First Aymara female to become a judge in Bolivia (2010)
- Cristina Mamani: First indigenous (Aymara) female elected as a judge in Bolivia (2011)
- Abigail Salas: First female candidate for the Attorney General of Bolivia (2012). Salas was unsuccessful, as she was disqualified from the race.
- MarÃÂa Cristina Diaz Sosa: First female to serve as President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Bolivia (2019)
Brazil
Law Degree
- Maria Coelho da Silva Sobrinha, Maria Fragoso e Delmira Secundina da Costa and Maria Augusta C. Meira Vasconcelos: First females to obtain law degrees in Brazil (1888-1898)
Lawyers
- Esperança Garcia: First female (an enslaved Black woman) to act as an attorney in Brazil (1770)
- Myrthes Gomes de Campos (1906): First female lawyer in Brazil (though she practiced the profession of lawyer beginning in 1899)
- Maria José Saraiva: First female lawyer to present a case before a Jury Court in Brazil
- Zuleika Sucupira Kenworthy: First female to hold the position of prosecutor in Brazil and Latin America (specifically in São Paulo from 1948 to 1978)
- Joenia Wapichana (1997): First indigenous (Wapishana) female lawyer in Brazil. She was also the first female lawyer to argue a case before the Supreme Court of Brazil.
- Adriana Pinheiro: First Kanamari (Ticuna) female lawyer in Brazil
- Vercilene Dias (2016): First Quilombola female to become a lawyer in Brazil and earn a Masters in Law (2022)
- PatrÃÂcia Vanzolini: First female in the history of the Brazilian Bar Association to be elected President (2022)
- Milady France (2023): First Borari (Munduruku) female lawyer in Brazil
Attorney General and Prosecutor General
Judicial officers
- Ellen Gracie Northfleet: first woman to be appointed justice of the Supreme Court of Brazil (2000) and Brazil's first female Chief Justice (2006)
- Auri Moura Costa: First female municipal judge in Brazil (1939). She was also the first female to serve as a Judge of Law (1968).
- Thereza Grisólia Tang and Ana Maria da Silveira: First female judges in Brazil (1954)
- Sônia Taciana Sanches Goulart: First female to serve as a Labor judge in Brazil (1960)
- Mary de Aguiar Silva: First female Black judge appointed in Brazil (1962)
- Maria Rita Soares de Andrade: First female appointed as a federal judge in Brazil (1967). She was also the first female lawyer in the states of Bahia and Sergipe.
- Maria Thereza de Andrade Braga Haynes: First female to serve as a Judge of the Justice of the Federal District and Territories (1974) and its President (1988)
- Lydia Dias Fernandes: First female judge to serve as a President of a Court of Justice in Brazil (Court of Justice of Pará; 1979âÂÂ1981)
- Ana Maria Goffi Flaquer Scartezzini, Anna Maria Pimentel, Lúcia Valle Figueiredo Collarile and Diva Prestes Marcondes Malerbi: First females to serve as Judges of the then newly created Federal Regional Court of the Third Region of Brazil (1989). Pimentel was the first female to serve as the court's President (2003).
- Cnea Cimini Moreira de Oliveira: First female to serve as a Minister of the Supreme Labor Court of Brazil (1990-1999)
- Eliana Calmon: First female to serve as a Minister of the Superior Court of Justice of Brazil (1999-2013)
- Sylvia Steiner: First Brazilian (female) to serve as a Judge of the International Criminal Court (2003)
- Maria Elizabeth Guimarães Teixeira Rocha: First female to serve as a Minister of the Superior Military Court of Brazil (2007) and well as its President (2014)
- Nancy Andrighi: First female elected as the General Corrector (Electoral General Attorney) of the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil (2011)
- Carmen Lúcia Antunes Rocha: First female Minister to serve as President of the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil (2012)
- Carla Santillo: First female to serve as the President of the State Audit Court of Brazil (2015)
- Laurita Hilário Vaz: First female to serve as the President of the Superior Court of Justice of Brazil (2016)
- Martha Halfeld Furtado de Mendonca Schmidt: First Brazilian (female) to serve as a Judge of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal (2016)
- Cristina Peduzzi: First female Minister to serve as the President of the Superior Labor Court of Brazil (2020)
- Edilene Lôbo: First Black female to serve as a Minister of the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil (2023)
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
- Obdulia Luna (1928): First female lawyer in Ecuador
- Fanny León Cordero: First female judge in Ecuador (1947)
- Mariana Yépez Andrade (1971): First female appointed as a prosecutor (c. 1975) in Ecuador. She is also the first female to serve as a Judge of the Superior Court of Justice in Quito (1975-1978). She is also the first female Attorney General of Ecuador (1999).
- Nina Pacari: First Kichwa-Otavalo Sarance female lawyer in Ecuador
- Mariana Yumbay: First indigenous (Waranka) female judge in Ecuador (2012)
- Beliza Coro Guairacaja (2012): First Puruhá female lawyer in Ecuador
- Ruth Seni Pinoargote: First female to serve as the President of a Superior Court of Justice in Ecuador [<nowiki/>Portoviejo, ManabÃÂ Province], as well as the first female Minister (Judge) of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador
- Wendy Molina Andrade: First female to serve as the Vice-President of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador (<nowiki/>c. 2013)
- MarÃÂa Paulina Aguirre: First female judge to serve as President of the National Court of Justice of Ecuador (2018)
Falkland Islands (GBR)
See Women in law in the United Kingdom
French Guiana (FRA)
- (1978): First female Guyanese lawyer in French Guiana. She became the first female Bâtonnière of the Guyane Bar Association in 1992.
- Constance Rézaire-Loupec (c. 1970): First female magistrate in French Guiana (1978)
- Marie-Laure Rainsart Piazza and Béatrice BugeonâÂÂAlmendros: First females to serve as the President of French Guiana's Court of Appeal of Cayenne (successively beginning in 2017)
- Elisabeth Rolin: First (female) Vice-President of French GuianaâÂÂs Administrative Court of Cayenne (2024)
Guyana
- Iris de Freitas Brazao (1929): First female lawyer in the Anglophone Caribbean, as well as the first female prosecutor of a murder trial in the same region. Brazao practiced law in Guyana when it was known as British Guiana.
- Ena Luckhoo: First Indian female lawyer in Guyana
- Norma Jackson: First female magistrate when Guyana was known as British Guiana (c. 1958)
- Désirée Bernard (1964): First female judge in Guyana (upon her appointment as a Judge of the High Court of Guyana in 1980). She is also the first female appointed as a Justice of Appeal in the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Guyana (1992), Chief Justice (1996), Chancellor of the Judiciary of Guyana and the Caribbean (2001) and Judge of the Caribbean Court of Justice (2005).
- Claudette La Bennett: First female to serve as a Chief Magistrate in Guyana (1990)
- Pearlene Roach: First female to serve as President of the Guyana Bar Association (c. 1995)
- Claudette Singh (1973), Rosalie Robertson (1983), and Roxane George-Wiltshire (1990): First females appointed as Senior Counsels in Guyana (2017). Singh was the first female Deputy Solicitor General of Guyana whereas George-Wiltshire was the first female to serve as Guyana's Director of Public Prosecutions.
- Shalimar Ali-Hack: First Muslim female appointed as a Senior Counsel in Guyana (2019). She is also Guyana's first Muslim female attorney (1990), as well as the first Muslim female to serve as the Director of Public Prosecutions.
Paraguay
- Serafina Dávalos (1907): First female lawyer and judge in Paraguay (she became a member of the Superior Court of Justice of Paraguay in 1910)
- Myriam Peña Candia: First female prosecutor (1977) and Judge of the Court of First Instance in Paraguay (1980). In 2021, she became the first Paraguayan (female) to run for the position of Judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
- Amparo Maura Samaniego de Paciello: First female to serve as the President of the Paraguayan Bar Association
- Alicia Beatriz Pucheta de Correa: First female to serve as a Minister (Judge) of the Supreme Court of Paraguay, as well as its President (2007-2008; 2016âÂÂ2017)
- MarÃÂa Salomé González de Ohta: First South American and Paraguayan (female) to practice law in Japan (2008)
- Luciana Ferreira Barboza (2018): First Yshyr female lawyer in Paraguay
- Sandra Quiñónez: First female appointed as the Attorney General of Paraguay (2018)
Peru
South Georgia and Sandwich Islands (GBR)
See Women in law in the United Kingdom
Suriname
- Martha Henriëtte Kreps (1958): First female lawyer in Suriname. She was preceded by an unknown woman who became the first female to pass the bar exam in Suriname in 1933, but supposedly did not practice.
- Rosemarie Currie: First female notary in Suriname (c. 1970s)
- Héloïse Rozenblad: First female prosecutor in Suriname (1980). She was also the first female to serve as the Attorney General of the High Court of Justice of Suriname (appointed 1997).
- Cynthia Valstein-Montnor (c. 1956): First female judge in Suriname (upon becoming a member of the High Court of Justice of Suriname in 1998). She became the first female to serve as the Vice-President of the High Court of Justice in 2010.
- Samantha Gadjradj: First female to serve as the Dean of the Surinamese Bar Association (2019)
- Gloria Karg-Stirling: First female to serve as the President of the newly formed Constitutional Court of Suriname (2020)
- Anoeradha Akkal-Ramautar, Rinette Djokarto, and Maya Fokké-Manohar: First females to serve as members of the newly formed Constitutional Court of Suriname (2020)
Uruguay
- Clothilde Luisi (1911): First female lawyer in Uruguay
- SofÃÂa ÃÂlvarez Vignoli: First female (a lawyer) elected as Senator in Uruguay (1942)
- Hilda Moltedo de EspÃÂnola: First female to serve as a Judge of the Administrative Litigation Court of Uruguay (1979)
- Sara Fons de Genta (c. 1955): First female appointed as the Minister (Judge) of the Supreme Court of Justice of Uruguay during the Uruguayan Dictatorship (1981-1985)
- Jacinta Balbela (1945): First female appointed as the Minister (Judge) of the Supreme Court of Justice of Uruguay upon the return to democracy (1985-1989). In 1987, she became the first female to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Uruguay.
- MarÃÂa Elsa MartÃÂn de Aramburu: First female to serve as the President of the Uruguayan Bar Association (c. 1986)
- MarÃÂa Elisa Martirena: First female to serve as the Acting Court Prosecutor and Attorney General of the Nation of Uruguay (1997)
- Edith Wieder: First Jewish (female) to serve as President of the Uruguayan Bar Association (2002-2004)
- Graciela Gatti: First Uruguyan female to serve as the President of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (Mechanism) (2022)
- Sandra Boragno: First female to serve as the State Attorney for Administrative Litigation of Uruguay (2022)
Venezuela
See also
References