List of ecoregions in Brazil

The following is a list of ecoregions in Brazil as identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Terrestrial ecoregions

by major habitat type

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Alto Paraná Atlantic forests (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Araucaria moist forests (Argentina, Brazil)
• Atlantic Coast restingas (Brazil)
• Bahia coastal forests (Brazil)
• Bahia interior forests (Brazil)
• Caatinga Enclaves moist forests (Brazil)
• Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests (Brazil)
• Guayanan Highlands moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Guianan moist forests (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests (Brazil, Venezuela)
• Gurupá várzea (Brazil)
• Iquitos várzea (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Japurá–Solimões–Negro moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Juruá–Purus moist forests (Brazil)
• Madeira–Tapajós moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil)
• Marajó várzea (Brazil)
• Maranhão Babaçu forests (Brazil)
• Mato Grosso tropical dry forests (Brazil, Bolivia)
• Monte Alegre várzea (Brazil)
• Negro–Branco moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Northeastern Brazil restingas (Brazil)
• Pernambuco coastal forests (Brazil)
• Pernambuco interior forests (Brazil)
• Purus várzea (Brazil)
• Purus–Madeira moist forests (Brazil)
• Serra do Mar coastal forests (Brazil)
• Solimões–Japurá moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Peru)
• Southwest Amazon moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Tapajós–Xingu moist forests (Brazil)
• Tepuis (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Tocantins–Araguaia–Maranhão moist forests (Brazil)
• Uatuma–Trombetas moist forests (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname)
• Xingu–Tocantins–Araguaia moist forests (Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Atlantic dry forests (Brazil)
• Chiquitano dry forests (Bolivia, Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Campos rupestres (Brazil)
• Cerrado (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Guianan savanna (Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela)
• Humid Chaco (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay)
• Uruguayan savanna (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Pantanal (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Caatinga (Brazil)
• Saint Peter and Saint Paul rocks (Brazil)

Mangrove

• Amapá mangroves (Brazil)
• Bahia mangroves (Brazil)
• Ilha Grande mangroves (Brazil)
• Pará mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio Piranhas mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio São Francisco mangroves (Brazil)

by bioregion

Orinoco bioregion

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Guayanan Highlands moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)

Amazonia bioregion

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Caquetá moist forests (Brazil, Colombia)
• Guianan moist forests (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Gurupa várzea (Brazil)
• Iquitos várzea (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Japurá–Solimões–Negro moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Juruá–Purus moist forests (Brazil)
• Madeira–Tapajós moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil)
• Marajó várzea (Brazil)
• Maranhão Babaçu forests (Brazil)
• Mato Grosso tropical dry forests (Brazil, Bolivia)
• Monte Alegre várzea (Brazil)
• Negro–Branco moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Purus varzea (Brazil)
• Purus–Madeira moist forests (Brazil, Bolivia)
• Rio Negro campinarana (Brazil, Colombia)
• Solimões–Japurá moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Peru)
• Southwest Amazon moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Tapajós–Xingu moist forests (Brazil)
• Tocantins–Araguaia–Maranhão moist forests (Brazil)
• Uatuma–Trombetas moist forests (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname)
• Xingu–Tocantins–Araguaia moist forests (Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Chiquitano dry forests (Bolivia, Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Beni savanna (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Guianan savanna (Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela)

Eastern South America bioregion

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Alto Paraná Atlantic forests (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Araucaria moist forests (Argentina, Brazil)
• Atlantic Coast restingas (Brazil)
• Bahia coastal forests (Brazil)
• Bahia interior forests (Brazil)
• Caatinga enclaves moist forests (Brazil)
• Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests (Brazil)
• Northeastern Brazil restingas (Brazil)
• Pernambuco coastal forests (Brazil)
• Pernambuco interior forests (Brazil)
• Serra do Mar coastal forests (Brazil)
• Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests (Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Atlantic dry forests (Brazil)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Pantanal (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Campos rupestres (Brazil)
• Cerrado (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Humid Chaco (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay)

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Caatinga (Brazil)
• Saint Peter and Saint Paul rocks (Brazil)

Southern South America bioregion

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Uruguayan savanna (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay)

Mangroves

by mangrove complex

Amazon-Orinoco-Maranhão complex

• Amapá mangroves (Brazil)
• Guianan mangroves (French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil)
• Maranhão mangroves (Brazil)
• Pará mangroves (Brazil)

Northeast Brazil complex

• Bahia mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio Piranhas mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio São Francisco mangroves (Brazil)

Southeast Brazil complex

• Ilha Grande mangroves (Brazil)

Freshwater ecoregions

by freshwater complex

Guiana/Orinoco Complex

• Eastern Morichal (Venezuela)
• Orinoco Delta (Venezuela)
• Southern Orinoco (Venezuela)
• Guiana Watershed (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)

Amazon Complex

• Amazon Delta (Brazil)
• Amazon Main Channel (Brazil, Peru)
• Northern Amazon Shield Tributaries (Brazil)
• Rio Negro (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Upper Amazon Piedmont (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
• Western Amazon Lowlands (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Central Brazilian Shield Tributaries (Bolivia, Brazil)
• Tocantins-Araguaia (Brazil)

Northeast Atlantic Complex

• Maranhão (Brazil)

Mata-Atlantica Complex

• Northeast Mata-Atlantica (Brazil)
• East Mata-Atlantica (Brazil)
• Southeast Mata-Atlantica (Brazil)

São Francisco Complex

• Caatinga (Brazil)
• Cerrado (Brazil)

Upper Parana Complex

• Alto Paraná Atlantic forests (Brazil)

Beni Savanna (Llanos de Moxos) Complex

• Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia, Brazil)

Paraguay-Parana Complex

• Pantanal (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Lower Parana (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)

Southern Atlantic Complex

• Jacui Highlands (Brazil, Uruguay)
• Lagoa dos Patos Coastal Plain (Brazil, Uruguay)

Marine ecoregions

by marine realm and marine province

Tropical Atlantic

North Brazil Shelf

• Guianan marine ecoregion
• Amazonia

Tropical Southwestern Atlantic

• Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo Islands
• Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas
• Northeastern Brazil marine ecoregion
• Eastern Brazil marine ecoregion
• Trindade and Martin Vaz Islands

Temperate South America

Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic

• Southeastern Brazil
• Rio Grande

See also

• Protected areas of Brazil
• Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil
• Biomes in Brazil
• List of Atlantic Forest conservation units
• List of state parks in São Paulo

References

• Dinerstein, Eric; David Olson; Douglas J. Graham; et al. (1995). A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. World Bank, Washington DC, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/957541468270313045/pdf/multi-page.pdf.
• Olson, D., Dinerstein, E., Canevari, P., Davidson, I., Castro, G., Morisset, V., Abell, R., and Toledo, E.; eds. (1998). Freshwater Biodiversity of Latin America and the Caribbean: A Conservation Assessment. Biodiversity Support Program, Washington DC, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/137774.
• Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583, https://web.archive.org/web/20161006104440/http://algae.thu.edu.tw/lab/2013_Meeting_FebJune/2007_Marine_ecoregions_of_the_world.pdf.