Durians are an agricultural product affected by many plant pathogens and pests. Most of the information here concerns Durio zibethinus, the major commercial species, but a dozen species in the genus Durio are edible durians, and several of those are also grown commercially and these diseases can concern them as well.
Algae
Animals
Vertebrates
These are animals that eat or destroy durian fruit or trees. Many of these are shot or poisoned by farmers. Some of these species naturally act as seed dispersers, which benefits the plant but does not benefit farmers.
Invertebrates
Most of these are arthropods, but nematodes and gastropods are also of concern.
Arthropods
Other invertebrates
Bacteria
Fungi
Fungi affect both the tree before harvest and the fruit after harvest. Some listed species may only cause cosmetic damage, or the association is unknown.
- stem rot (Albonectria rigidiuscula syn. Calonectria rigidiuscula, Fusarium decemcellulare)
- Sclerotium fruit rot (Athelia rolfsii syn. Sclerotium rolfsii, Corticium rolfsii)
- leaf fungus (Aschersonia)
- secondary/opportunistic fruit rot (Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus spp.)
- stem rot (Bionectria ochroleuca syn. Nectria ochroleuca)
- Calonectria kyotensis
- secondary/opportunistic fruit rot (Candida sp.)
- sooty mold (Capnodium moniliforme)
- leaf spot (Cercospora sp.)
- seedling dieback (Chaetomium trilaterale)
- leaf anthracnose, root rot (Colletotrichum sp., syn. Glomerella)
- Colletotrichum durionis
- Colletotrichum zibethinum
- Coriolus vesicolor
- leaf spot and dieback (Corticium solani)
- leaf blotch (Corynespora cassiicola)
- Curvularia sp.
- leaf spot (Curvularia affinis)
- scion dieback (Diplodia sp.)
- die back (Diplodia durionis)
- root disease (Fusarium sp.)
- Fusarium fruit rot, stem rot (Fusarium solani syn. Nectria haematococca, Haematonectria haematococca)
- Fusarium oxysporum
- twig blight (Fusicoccum sp.)
- Ganoderma pseudoferreus
- Geotrichum candidum
- secondary/opportunistic fruit rot (Gibberella intricans)
- Gliocephalotrichum bulbilium
- leaf spot (Gloeosporium sp.)
- anthracnose (Gloeosporimn zibethinum)
- leaf anthracnose and leaf spot (Glomerella cingulata syn. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)?
- black and brown leaf spot (Homostegia durionis)
- Lasiodiplodia sp.
- Diplodia fruit rot (Lasiodiplodia theobromae syn. Botryodiplodia theobromae) - can also cause dieback and leaf scorch
- Lentinus subnudus
- sooty mold (Leptoxyphium sp.)
- Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. Macrophomina phaseoli)
- thread blight (Marasmiellus scandens)
- black mildew, sooty mould (Meliola durionis)
- Metacapnodium dennisii
- sooty mold (Metacapnodium moniliforme)
- Mucor rot, fruit rot (Mucor sp.)
- leaf spot (Myrothecium verrucaria)
- bark rot (Nectria sp.)
- powdery mildew (Oidium sp.)
- powdery mildew (Oidium nephelii)
- leaf mould Passalora fulva (syn. Cladosporium fulvum
- secondary/opportunistic fruit rot (Penicillium sp.)
- seedling dieback (Perisporium sp.)
- leaf spot (Pestalotia sp.)
- pink disease/ (Phanerochaete salmonicolor syn. Botryobasidium salmonicolor, Corticium salmonicolor, Erythricium salmonicolor)
- leaf spot (Phomopsis sp.)
- Phomopsis leaf spot, Phomopsis fruit rot, branch and stem necrosis, leaf spot of seedlings (Phomopsis durionis)
- sooty mould of fruits, twigs, and leaves (Phragmocapnias betle)
- Phyllachora makrospora
- seedling rim blight, leaf spot, postharvest fruit rot (Phyllosticta sp.)
- rim blight, leaf spot (Phyllosticta durionis)
- leaf parasite (Placosphaeria durionis)
- Plokamidomyces colensoi
- black crust of fruit, leaf mould, sooty mold (Polychaeton sp.)
- postharvest fruit rot (Pseudocochliobolus eragrostidis, syn. Curvularia eragrostidis, Cochliobolus eragrostidis)
- leaf spot (Pyrenochaeta sp.)
- leaf blight, leaf fall (Rhizoctonia sp.)
- Rhizoctonia leaf blight, leaf fall, foliar blight, leaf rot (Rhizoctonia solani syn. Thanatephorus cucumeris)
- Rhizopus sp.
- Rhizopus rot, fruit rot (Rhizopus stolonifer sy. Rhizopus artocarpi)
- wood rot, white root disease (Rigidoporus microporus syn. Fomes lignosus, Rigidoporus lignosus)
- Typhula sp. (syn. Sclerotium sp.)
- sooty mold (Scorias spongiosa)
- leaf mould (Spiropes capensis syn. Helminthosporium capensis)
- Trametes persoonii
- sooty mould of twigs, petioles, and leaves (Trichomerium grandisporum)
- black film on leaves, sooty mold (Trichopeltheca asiatica)
- sooty mold Tripospermum sp.
- scion dieback (Ustulina sp.)
- Verticillium sp.
Oomycetes
Oomycetes are often confused with fungi.
Plants
Some plants growing on durian trees can be problematic or even parasitic.
Non-pathogenic epiphytes and symbiotes
These species live on or in durian trees as epiphytes but typically do not harm the tree or fruit. However, Trentepohlia species can grow thick enough to block lenticels and inhibit ramiflorous flowering.
Hyperparasites and secondary associations
Hyperparasitism is when durian parasites become the hosts for other parasites.
References