This is a list of conflicts in the Near East arranged chronologically from the epipaleolithic until the end of the late modern period ( â c. AD 1945). The Near East is generally associated with Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Caucasus.
Also listed might be any raid, strike, skirmish, siege, sacking, and/or battle (both land and naval) that occurred on the territories of a modern country occupying what may today be referred to as the "Middle East" (or the "Ancient Near East" when in reference to this region's military history during classical antiquity); however, was itself only part of an operation of a campaign in a theater of a greater, interregional war (e.g. any and/or all border, undeclared, colonial, proxy, liberation, world wars, etc.) There may also be periods of violent, civil unrest listed; such as, shootouts, spree killings, massacres, terrorist attacks, coups, assassinations, regicides, riots, rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars (as well as wars of succession and/or independence). The list might also contain episodes of human sacrifice, mass suicide, and ethnic cleansing/genocide.
Ancient times
Bronze Age
Egypt
Mesopotamia
- Early Dynastic Period of Mesopotamia
- c. 2500 BC Enmebaragesi of Kish subdued Elam
- c. 2500 BC Aga of Kish, the son of Enmebaragesi of Kish, besieged Uruk
- c. 2500 BC Enmerkar of Uruk's year-long siege of Aratta
- c. 2500 BC Dumuzid of Uruk captured Enmebaragesi of Kish single-handed
- c. 2500 BC Enshakushanna of Uruk conquered Hamazi, Akkad, Kish, and Nippur, claiming hegemony over all of Sumer. Enshakushanna was succeeded in Uruk by Lugal-kinishe-dudu, but the hegemony seems to have passed to Eannatum of Lagash for a time
- c. 2500 BC Eannatum of Lagash conquered all of Sumer, including Ur, Nippur, Akshak, Larsa, and Uruk (controlled by Enshakushanna)
- c. 2500 BC En-anna-tum I of Lagash succeeded his brother Eannatum and defended Lagash against Ur-Lumma of Umma
- c. 2500 BC Entemena of Lagash succeeded his father En-anna-tum I and re-established Lagash as a power in Sumer. He defeated Illi of Umma, with the aid of Lugal-kinishe-dudu of Uruk (the successor to Enshakushanna)
- c. 2500 BC Lugal-Anne-Mundu of Adab subjected the "Four-Quarters" of the world â i.e., the entire Fertile Crescent region, from the Mediterranean to the Zagros Mountains
- c. 2355 BC â 2334 BC (middle chronology) Lugal-zage-si of Umma conquered several of the Sumerian city-states â including Kish, where he overthrew Ur-Zababa; Lagash, where he overthrew Urukagina; Ur, Nippur, and Larsa; as well as Uruk
- Akkadian Period
- c. 2334 â 2270 BC Sargon of Akkad established a vast empire which is thought to have included large parts of Mesopotamia, and included parts of modern-day Iran, Asia Minor and Syria
- Conquest of Elam
- c. 2271 BC Battle of Uruk
- Syria and Canaan campaigns
- Akkadian conquest of Ebla
- Magan revolt
- Lullubi campaign of Naram-sin
- Gutian period
- c. 2193 â c. 2123 BC Gutian attacks on the Akkadian Empire
- c. 2123 BC â 2112 BC After defeating the Gutian ruler Tirigan in Sumer with the aid of other cities, Utu-hengal of Uruk established himself as the king of Sumer
- Ur III period
- c. 2112 BC â 2094 BC (Short chronology) Ur-Nammu of Ur conquered Lagash
- c. 2004 BC (Short chronology) Elamite Sack of Ur
- Isin-Larsa period
- c. 1830 BC â 1817 BC (Short chronology) The Amorite chieftain Sumu-abum won independence from the city-state Kazallu
- c. 1752 BC â 1730 BC (Short chronology) Damiq-ilishu of Isin, the last king mentioned in the Sumerian King List, is defeated by Sin-Muballit of Babylon
- Old Babylonian period
- c. 1792 BC â 1750 BC (Short chronology) Hammurabi of Babylon extended Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms
- Kassite dynasty
- c. 1595 BC The Hittites sack Babylon
- c. 1507 BC (Short chronology) Kassite attacks on Babylon
Levant
Anatolia
Early Iron Age
Note: This section is covering Iron Age I and II, Iron Age III is related as Classic Period
Classical antiquity
Greco-Persian domination
Roman, Parthian and Sassanid domination
Medieval times
Modern times
Early modern period
Early Ottoman expansion
Ottoman era period conflicts 1453âÂÂ1516
Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire
Late modern period
Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire
Ottoman Tanzimat period
Post-Ottoman era conflicts
See also
References