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List of active autonomist movements in Asia

This is a list of currently active automomist movements in Asia. Separatism often refers to territorial autonomy.

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

They are active movements with active members.
They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. (Excluding Uncontacted peoples)
Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).

Azerbaijan

Territory of the short-lived Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

People: Talysh people
Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan
Political organisation: Talysh National Movement
Government in exile: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

Ethnic group: Lezgins
Proposed: Autonomy for Lezgistan
Political organisation: Sadval movement, Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy

Bangladesh

Chittagong Hill Tracts

Ethnic group: Jumma people
Proposed: Autonomy for the Chittagong Hill Tracts
Political parties: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, United People's Democratic Front

Georgia

Ethnic group: Armenians in SamtskheÃ¢ÂÂJavakheti
Proposed: Autonomy for the region Javakhk (Javakheti) or unification with
Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance

India

State or extended autonomous area: Rabha Hasong
Ethnic group: Rabha people
Militant organizations: Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch, Rabha Vipers Army (RVA), Rabha National Liberation Army, Rabha Jatiya Mukti Bahini (RJMB)

Ethnic group: Indian Gorkhas
Proposal: creation of a separate autonomous Gorkhaland state within India
Political movement: Gorkhaland movement
Political parties: Gorkha National Liberation Front, Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha

Ethnic group: Ladakhis
Proposed autonomous region: Ladakh

Ethnic group: Garo people
Proposal: making the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council into an autonomous state of India
Political party: Garo National Council

Ethnic group: Bundelkhandi
Proposal: making the region of Bundelkhand into a state of India
Political party: Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha

Ethnic group: Marathi people
Proposal: separation of Vidarbha from the state of Maharashtra
Political party: Vidarbha Rajya Party, Vidarbha Vikas Party, Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti

Ethnic group: Goans
Proposed autonomous region: Goa
Political party: Niz Goenkar Revolution Front

Ethnic group: Dogri people
Proposal: separation of the Jammu region from Jammu and Kashmir as a separate state within India
Political party: Ikkjutt Jammu

Ethnic group: Bodo people
Proposal: statehood for Bodoland
Political party: Bodo National Students Union

Ethnic group: Telugu people
Proposed: turning Rayalaseema into a state of India
Political party: Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi

Ethnic group: Bhil people
Proposed: creation of Bhil Pradesh as a state of India

Kosi-Seemanchal

Ethnic group: Maithils
Proposed: creation of a Seemanchal state in India

Kodagu district

Ethnic group: Kodava people
Proposed: autonomy for Kodagu district
Political party: Codava National Council

Ethnic group: Bengalis
Proposed: creation of a Barak Valley state within India
Political party: Barak Democratic Front

Indonesia

Ethnic group: Sumbawan
Proposed autonomous area: Sumbawa

Iraq

Proposed autonomous area: Nineveh Plains
Ethnic group: Assyrians, Christians in Iraq, Mandaeans
Proposed state:
Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyrian Universal Alliance (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization), Assyria Liberation Party
Militant organisation: Nineveh Plain Protection Units
Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
Proposed autonomous area: Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region
Ethnic groups: Assyrians, Turkmen, Yazidis
Political parties: Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Yazidi Independent Supreme Council and the Al-Rafidain Organization

Proposed state: Basra

Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: Basra Governorate
Proposal: Basra has proposed uniting with the Dhi Qar and Maysan governorates as an autonomous region or total independence

Ethnic group: Iraqi Turkmen
Proposed autonomous region or state: Turkmeneli
Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

Sinjar District

Ethnic group: Yazidis
Proposal: autonomy for the Sinjar region, including the Sinjar Mountains
Political parties: Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress, Sinjar Alliance

Religious group: Sunnis
Proposed: creation of an autonomous Sunni region within Iraq

Al-Zubair District

Proposed: elevating in the Al-Zubair District into a province

Religious group: Shiites
Proposed: autonomy for south Iraq

Japan

Ethnic group: Japanese people
Proposed: autonomy for Kansai region
Political party: Union of Kansai Governments

Ethnic group: Japanese people
Proposed: creation of a Kyushu Prefecture

Kazakhstan

Kyzylorda Region

Ethnic group: Koryo-saram
Proposed: autonomy for the Koryo-saram

Nepal

Ethnic group: Tharu people
Proposed: autonomy for Tharuhat

Kathmandu Valley

Ethnic group: Newar people
Proposed: creation of an autonomous Newar autonomous region
Political party: Newa Rastriya Mukti Morcha

Pakistan

Proposed: Southern Punjab be separated into a separate province called Saraikistan in the Saraiki-speaking areas
Ethnic group: Saraikis
Political party: Saraikistan Qaumi Council, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), and Pakistan People's Party

Ethnic group: Hazarewals
Proposed: establishment of a separate Hazara province in Pakistan
Advocacy group: Hazara province movement

Kalasha Valleys

Ethnic group: Kalash people
Proposed: a separate province for the Kalasha Valleys

Ethnic group: Saraikis
Proposed: creation of a Bahawalpur province within Pakistan

Philippines

Cordillera Administrative Region

Ethnic group: Igorot
Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region or Autonomous Region of the Cordillera
Advocacy groups: Autonomy in the Administrative Cordillera Movement, Cordillera People's Liberation Army, Cordillera Bodong Administration

Syria

De facto autonomous region:

Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava)

Larger ethnic groups: Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians
Smaller ethnic groups: Armenians, Turkmen, Yazidis, Circassians, Christians
Political organisation: Syrian Democratic Council
Militant organisation: Syrian Democratic Forces

Autonomist movements:

Ethnic group: Druze
Proposed Autonomous Region: Jabal Druze State (Suwayda Governorate) or unification with (Quneitra Governorate)
Political organisation: Supreme Legal Committee in Suwayda
Militant organisation: National Guard

Ethnic group: Assyrians, Christians in Syria
Proposed state: Assyria
Political parties: Syriac Union Party, Assyrian Democratic Organization
Militant organisations: Syriac Military Council, Sutoro
Advocacy groups: Assyria Council of Europe,

Latakia Governorate and Tartus Governorate

Ethnic group: Alawites
Proposed: establishment of an autonomous Alawite state in Syria
Advocacy group: Alawite Party

Taiwan

Taiwanese indigenous peoples

Ethnic group: Native Taiwanese
Proposed: autonomy for the indigenous peoples of Taiwan
Political party: Taiwan First Nations Party

Thailand

Ethnic group: Isan people
Proposed: autonomy for Isan
Advocacy group: New Isan Movement

Northern Thailand

Ethnic group: Northern Thai people
Proposed: autonomy for Northern Thailand/Lan Na

Vietnam

Mekong Delta and South East Vietnam

Ethnic group: Khmer Krom
Proposed: Autonomy for the Khmer Krom or unification with Cambodia
Political party: Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation

Yemen

Proposed autonomous area: Hadhramaut Region
De facto autonomous government: Hadramout National Council
Political parties: Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance, Hadhrami League,
Militant organisation(s): Hadhrami Elite Forces
regional groups: Hadharem, Mehri and Socotran

Proposed: autonomy for Tihamah

References

See also

Autonomism