The following is a list of U.S. states, territories and the District of Columbia ranked by the proportion of African Americans of full or partial descent, including those of Hispanic origin, in the population. Considering only those who marked "black" and no other race in combination, as in the first table, the percentage was 12.4% in 2020, down from 12.6% in 2010. While those who selected black and any other race in combination was 14.2%.
From 1787 to 1868, enslaved African Americans were counted in the U.S. census under the Three-fifths Compromise. The compromise was an agreement reached during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention over the counting of slaves in determining a state's total population. This count would determine the number of seats for each state in the U.S. House of Representatives and, should direct taxation be imposed by Congress (which was never done under Article I, section 2, clause 3 of the Constitution), how much each state would pay in taxes. The compromise counted three-fifths of each state's slave population toward that state's total population for the purpose of apportioning the U.S. House of Representatives. Even though slaves were denied voting rights, this gave Southern states more U.S. representatives and more presidential electoral votes than if slaves had not been counted. Free blacks and indentured servants were not affected by the proviso, and each was counted as one full person for representation.
In the United States Constitution, the Three-fifths Compromise is part of Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3. Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) later superseded this clause and explicitly repealed the compromise.
aIt is a % of 26,051 ; The 1920 census has the population but not the percentage of Black people in the Virgin Islands but based on the percentage values known the percentage had to be higher than 76.6%
bIt is a % of 22,012 ; The 1930 census has the population but not the percentage of Black people in the Virgin Islands but based on the percentage values known the percentage had to be higher than 76.6%
cIt is a % of 24,880; The 1940 census has the population but not the percentage of Black people in the Virgin Islands but based on the percentage values known the percentage had to be higher than 76.6%
dIt is a % of 26,665; The 1950 census has the population but not the percentage of Black people in the Virgin Islands but based on the percentage values known the percentage had to be higher than 76.6%
eIt is a % of 32,099; The 1960 census has the population but not the percentage of Black people in the Virgin Islands but based on the percentage values known the percentage had to be higher than 76.6%
fIt is a % of 63,200; The 1970 census has the population but not the percentage of Black people in the Virgin Islands but based on the percentage values known the percentage had to be higher than 76.6%
gIt is a % of 95,591; The 1980 census has the population but not the percentage of Black people in the Virgin Islands but based on the percentage values known the percentage had to be higher than 76.6%
h % is from 62,183
In 1865, all enslaved blacks (African Americans) in the United States were emancipated as a result of the Thirteenth Amendment. However, some U.S. states had previously emancipated some or all of their black population. The table below shows the percentage of free blacks as a percentage of the total black population in various U.S. regions and U.S. states between 1790 and 1860 (the blank areas on the chart below mean that there is no data for those specific regions or states in those specific years).
a No blacks, whether free or enslaved, were reported as living in South Dakota in 1860.