Texas has had chief executives with the titles of governors and presidents since 1691. These were under the flags of:
From 1691 through 1821, the Kingdom of Texas (El Reino de Texas, in modern Spanish, Tejas) was a part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (El Virreinato de Nueva España).
From 1691 to 1722, present-day Texas and Coahuila formed the province of Nueva Extremadura. The official seat of government was in Monclova, in present-day Coahuila.
From 1722 to 1823 Texas was an independent province and had its own governors. From 1722 to 1768 the seat of government of Texas was in Los Adaes and this was the official capital of the province from 1729 to 1772. In 1768 the seat of government was established in San Antonio, which was the capital of Texas from 1772 to 1823.
Following the Mexican War of Independence, recognised by the Treaty of Córdoba, the territory of Texas became part of the First Mexican Empire.
After the dissolution of the first Mexican empire, the Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 came into force, by which Texas joined Coahuila, forming the state of Coahuila and Texas, part of the United Mexican States. From 1823 to 1833 the capital and official seat of government was in Saltillo, Coahuila, while that from March 1833 until 1836, when Texas gained its independence from Mexico, the capital of the state was in Monclova, Coahuila.
During the Texas Revolution, the Consultation declared independence from Mexico. An interim government was formed pending elections. The capital of the American colony of Texas was established in San Felipe de Austin.
See: List of governors of Texas