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List of Mexican operas

This is a list of operas by Mexican composers. Many, but not all, of them premiered in Mexico. Amongst the operas which had their first performances abroad are Melesio Morales' Ildegonda (Italy, 1868), Daniel Catán's Florencia en el Amazonas (USA, 1996), and Julio Estrada's Murmullos del páramo (Spain, 2006).

Mexico boasts several professional opera companies, including the National Opera Company (Compañía Nacional de Ópera) and the Opera de Bellas Artes, both based in Mexico City. The International Cervantino Festival in Guanajuato, for example, features opera performances alongside theater, dance, and music. In addition to the Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico is home to other notable opera houses, such as the Teatro Degollado in Guadalajara and the Teatro de la Ciudad Esperanza Iris in Mexico City.

Many of the operas listed have librettos in Spanish, the official language of Mexico. However, the practice of using French or Italian librettos was common in 19th and early 20th century Mexico when much of the opera in that country was performed by visiting troupes largely composed of European singers unaccustomed to singing in Spanish. Both Gustavo Campa's Le roi poete and Ricardo Castro Herrera's La légende de Rudel had French librettos, while Catalina de Guisa by Cenobio Paniagua and several other notable operas of this period had Italian librettos. Although the vast majority of later Mexican operas have Spanish librettos, there have been 20th century works set to English texts, most notably The visitors by Carlos Chávez with a libretto by the American poet Chester Kallman.

Opera was brought to Mexico during the colonial era by Spanish missionaries and settlers. The first documented opera performance in Mexico took place in 1701 in Mexico City. The first opera by a Mexican-born composer was Manuel de Zumaya's La Parténope, performed in 1711 before a private audience in the Viceroy's Palace in Mexico City. However, the first Mexican composer to have his operas publicly staged was Manuel Arenzana, the maestro de capilla at Puebla Cathedral from 1792 to 1821. He is known to have written at least two works performed during the 1805/1806 season at the Teatro Coliseo in Mexico City – El extrangero and Los dos ribales en amore. Both were short comic pieces. The first Mexican opera seria was Paniagua's Catalina de Guisa (composed in 1845 and premiered in 1859).

With its story about the Huguenots in France and an Italian libretto by Felice Romani, contemporary critics noted that the only thing Mexican about it was the composer. Although the traditions of European opera and especially Italian opera had initially dominated the Mexican music conservatories and strongly influenced native opera composers (in both style and subject matter), elements of Mexican nationalism had already appeared by the latter part of the 19th century with operas such as Aniceto Ortega del Villar's 1871 Guatimotzin, a romanticised account of the defense of Mexico by its last Aztec ruler, Cuauhtémoc. Later works such as Miguel Bernal Jiménez's 1941 Tata Vasco (based on the life of Vasco de Quiroga, the first bishop of Michoacán) incorporated native melodies into the score.

List

18th century

19th century

  • El extrangero by Manuel Arenzana – premiered 1805/1806 season, Teatro Coliseo, Mexico City (music and libretto lost)
  • Los dos ribales en amore by Manuel Arenzana – premiered 1805/1806 season, Teatro Coliseo, Mexico City (music and libretto lost)
  • Leonor by Luis Baca (1826–1855) – never staged
  • Giovanna di Castiglia by Luis Baca – never staged
  • Catalina de Guisa by Cenobio Paniagua (1821–1882) – premiered 1859, Gran Teatro Nacional, Mexico City
  • Pietro d’Abano by Cenobio Paniagua – premiered 1863, Gran Teatro Nacional, Mexico City
  • Ildegonda by Melesio Morales – premiered 1868, Teatro Pagliano, Florence
  • Guatimotzin by Aniceto Ortega del Villar (1823–1875) – premiered 1871, Gran Teatro Nacional, Mexico City
  • Juno by Rafael J. Tello (1872–1947) – premiered 1896, Mexico City

20th century

21st century

  • ' by José Enrique González Medina – premiered 2001, State Playhouse, Cal State LA (USA)
  • TRILOGY Mis Dos Cabezas Piensan Peor Que Una (My Two Heads Thinks Worse Than One) by Juan Trigos – premiered 2005, Lisinski Hall, Zagreb (Croatia)
* Briago crucificado
* Historia de cabeza
* Ni una gota de conciencia

See also

Notes and references

Further reading

  • Cortés, Eladio, Dictionary of Mexican Literature, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1992.
  • Saavedra, Leonora, "Staging the Nation: Race, Religion, and History in Mexican Opera of the 1940s", Opera Quarterly, Vol. 23, 2007, pp. 1–21
  • Stevenson, Robert Murrell, Music in Mexico: A Historical Survey, Crowell, 1952
  • Sturman, Janet Lynn, Zarzuela: Spanish operetta, American stage, University of Illinois Press, 2000.
  • Vogeley, Nancy, "Italian Opera in Early National Mexico", in Doris Sommer (ed.), The Places of History: Regionalism Revisited in Latin America, Duke University Press, 1999.

External links