There are 53 mammal species native to Ireland or naturalised in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland before 1500, of which 27 are terrestrial mammals and 26 are aquatic mammals. According to The Red List of Irish terrestrial mammals in 2019, locally, the black rat is listed as vulnerable, the grey wolf is extinct, and the remaining 25 terrestrial mammals are least concern. Not assessed were nine mammal species that were introduced after 1500. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:
This article refers to species' global IUCN conservation status (as opposed to local status).
Although marsupials are only native to Australasia and the Americas, the red-necked wallaby has been introduced to Ireland: a population has been breeding on Lambay island since the 1950s.
Rodents are the largest order of mammals, making up over 40% of mammal species globally. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Genus: Sciurus
- Eastern grey squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis (introduced)
- Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus (introduced)
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Microtus
- Field vole, Microtus agrestis (introduced)
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus
- Genus: Mus
- House mouse, Mus musculus
- Genus: Rattus
- Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus (introduced)
- Black rat, Rattus rattus (naturalised)
- Family: Gliridae
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel dormouse, M. avellanarius (introduced)
- Suborder: Hystricomorpha
- Family: Echimyidae (neotropical spiny rats)
- Subfamily: Echimyinae
- Genus: Myocastor
- Nutria, M. coypus (introduced)
Although lagomorphs can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species globally, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, shrews and moles)
The order Eulipotyphla contains the hedgehogs, shrews, and moles. Hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines, shrews closely resemble mice, while moles (which are absent from Ireland) are stout-bodied burrowers.
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammal species globally.
Carnivorans include over 260 species globally, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Vulpes
- Red fox, Vulpes vulpes
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, Lutra lutra
- Genus: Martes
- European pine marten, Martes martes
- Genus: Meles
- European badger, Meles meles
- Genus: Mustela
- Irish stoat, Mustela erminea hibernica
- Genus: Neogale
- American mink, Neogale vison (introduced)
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Halichoerus
- Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus
- Genus: Phoca
- Common seal, Phoca vitulina
- Genus: Cystophora
- Hooded seal, C. cristatus (vagrant)
- Genus: Erignathus
- Bearded seal, E. barbatus (vagrant)
- Genus: Pagophilus
- Harp seal, P. groenlandicus (vagrant)
- Genus: Pusa
- Ringed seal, P. hispida (vagrant)
- Family: Odobenidae (walruses)
- Genus: Odobenus
- Walrus, O. rosmarus (vagrant)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
- Genus: Balaena
- Bowhead whale, B. mysticetus (vagrant)
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Atlantic right whale, E. glacialis (vagrant)
- Family: Balaenopteridae (rorqual)
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
- Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus
- Blue whale, B. musculus
- Family: Megapterinae
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises)
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena
- Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens
- Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus
- True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris
- Genus: Leucopleurus
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus
- Genus: Delphinus
- Common dolphin, Delphinus delphis
- Genus: Tursiops
- Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus
- Genus: Globicephala
- Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens
- Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Monodontidae (narwhals)
- Genus: Delphinapterus
- Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas vagrant
- Genus: Orcinus
- Orca, Orcinus orca
Locally extinct
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
Globally extinct
The following species were present in Ireland, and are now extinct globally:
See also
References
External links