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List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers

The Indo-Scythians or Indo-Sakas were the branch of Saka empire in South Asia. Indo-Scythians were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples of Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into the northwestern Indian subcontinent. They started expansion in South Asia from 200 to 100 BCE and established rule between 100 and 80 BCE, their rule in Indian subcontinent was lasted until 415s CE.

The first Saka king of India was Maues/Moga (1st century BCE) who established Saka power in Gandhara. The Indo-Scythians extended their supremacy over north-western subcontinent, conquering the Indo-Greeks and other local kingdoms. The Indo-Scythians were apparently subjugated by the Kushan Empire, by either Kujula Kadphises or Kanishka. Yet the Saka continued to govern as satrapies, forming the Northern Satraps and Western Satraps. The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Indo-Scythians were defeated by the Satavahana emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni. Indo-Scythian rule in the northwestern subcontinent ceased when the last Western Satrap Rudrasimha IIII was defeated by the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II in 395 CE. Later Western Saka rulers (c. 396 to 415 CE) were conquered by Imperial Gupta Empire and it brings to end of Saka rule in Indian subcontinent.

List of dynasties and rulers

Satraps dynasty of Gandhara (c. 85 BCE – 50 CE)

This branch of Indo-Scythian ruled over regions of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and Eastern Afghanistan which constituted the Gandhara region.

List of rulers–
  • Maues, (c. 85–60 BCE)
  • Vonones, (c. 75–65 BCE)
  • Spalahores, (c. 75–65 BCE), brother of King Vonones and probably the later King Spalirises
  • Spalagadames, (c. 60–57 BCE), son of Spalahores
  • Spalirises (c. 57–47 BCE), brother of King Vonones
  • Azes I (c. 47–25 BCE), descended from Maues
  • Azilises, (c. 25–20 BCE)
  • Azes II, (c. 35-12 BCE)
  • Zeionises, (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
  • Kharahostes, (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
  • Hajatria (c. until 40/50 CE)

Northern Satraps dynasty (c. 60 BCE – 130 CE)

List of rulers–

Apracha dynasty (c. 15 BCE – 50 CE)

Family tree–
List of rulers–

Western Satraps dynasty (c. 50 BCE – 415 CE)

Family tree–

Kshaharata dynasty (c. 1st century BCE to 1st century CE)

This branch of Indo-Scythian ruled over regions of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and beyond.

List of rulers–

Kardamaka (Bhadramukhas) dynasty

List of rulers–

(main founder of the Western Satraps)

* Viceroy Ushavadata

Rudrasimha II dynasty (c. 304 – 415 CE)

List of rulers–
* Yasodaman II (317–332)
* Rudradaman II (332–348) No coins known

Minor local rulers

See also

References