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List of Illuminati members

The following list of Illuminati members is a compilation of well-known personalities associated with the Illuminati, an 18th-century Bavarian secret society. The list is in alphabetical order.

The Illuminati Order was founded on May 1, 1776, by the philosopher and canon lawyer Adam Weishaupt in Ingolstadt and existed primarily in the Electorate of Bavaria until it was banned in 1784/85. The secret society had set itself the goal of spreading the values of the Enlightenment and infiltrated the lodges of the Freemasons for this purpose. A total of 1,394 members of the order can be identified, around a third of whom were also Freemasons and came almost exclusively from the German-speaking world (particularly Bavaria and Thuringia). The members included members of the upper classes, including nobles, entrepreneurs, scholars, intellectuals, military personnel, and civil servants. After a brief heyday, the Illuminati where banned in Bavaria in 1784/85 as treasonous and anti-religious, and by the 1790s at the latest, it was largely inactive. Although hardly any French-speaking people belonged to the Illuminati, conspiracy theories later arose that suspected the group of being behind the French Revolution.

List

A

B

  • (1749–1797), German physician, philosopher, and natural scientist
  • (1755–1832), German lawyer, court chamber secretary
  • Jens Immanuel Baggesen (1764–1826), Danish writer
  • (1754–1835), Swiss Reformed pastor
  • (1747–1808), German member of the Baring family
  • (1758–1797), German lawyer and mayor of Munich
  • Aloys Basselet von La Rosée (1747–1826), German civil servant and judge
  • (1755–1811), German landowner and member of parliament
  • August Batsch (1761–1802), German naturalist
  • Rudolph Zacharias Becker (1752–1822), German author, enlightenment philosopher, and theologian
  • (1753–1837), German lawyer
  • Johann Joachim Bellermann (1754–1842), German theologian and author
  • (1738–1786), minister of Kurmainz, curator and reorganizer of the old University of Mainz
  • (1748–1825), philosopher
  • (1755–1829), German lawyer and chancellor
  • (1746–1814), Italian merchant and patron
  • (1750–1803), German educator and lexicographer
  • (1743–1814), German politician and legal scholar
  • Johann Erich Biester (1749–1816), German philosopher
  • (1777–1839), mining entrepreneur
  • Aloys Blumauer (1755–1798), Austrian poet
  • Johann Elert Bode (1747–1826), German astronomer (believed to be in the Illuminati)
  • Johann Joachim Christoph Bode (1731–1793), German translator and enlightenment philosopher
  • Johann von Böber (1746–1820), German teacher, explorer, botanist, and entomologist
  • Johann Michael Boeck (1743–1793), German actor
  • (1720–1790), German philosopher
  • Karl Böttiger (1760–1835), German archaeologist
  • Ignaz von Born (1742–1791), Austrian mineralogist, geologist, and malacologist
  • Nikolaus Joseph Brahm (1751–1812), German lawyer and entomologist
  • (1760–1790), German lawyer and university professor
  • Dominikus von Brentano (1740–1797), Swiss publicist, Enlightenment theologian, and Bible translator
  • (1758–1850), Swiss publicist and archivist
  • (1746–1817), German theologian, writer, satirist, and school reformer
  • (1760–1809), German writer and librarian
  • Philippe Buonarroti (1761–1837), Italian-French writer, philosopher and early socialist (possible member of an Illluminati lodge in Florence)
  • (1756–1817), German landowner and district administrator
  • (1750–1827), German civil servant
  • (1740–1821), Bohemian university professor, author of works on economics

C

D

E

  • (1761–1833), German politician
  • Karl von Eckartshausen (1752–1803), German writer, alchemist, esotericist, and philosopher
  • (1749–1827), German physician, author, and satirist
  • (1755–1825), German Enlightenment philosopher and publicist
  • Rudolf Eickemeyer (1753–1825), German engineer, mathematician, and general of the French Revolutionary Wars
  • (1746–1819), Hessian politician
  • (1755–1826), German lawyer and civil servant
  • Adolf von Ende (1760–1816), German lawyer
  • Ernest II (1745–1804), Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
  • Johann Joachim Eschenburg (1743–1820), German critic and literary historian
  • Johann Christian Ludwig von Eschwege (1746–1798), father of Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege
  • (1730–1801), German priest
  • (1745–1822), German court official and publicist
  • (1741–1805), Austrian publicist

F

G

  • (1747–1825), administrative lawyer and mayor of Altona
  • Christian Garve (1742–1798), German philosopher
  • Friedrich Gedike (1754 –1803), German theologian, teacher and educational reformer
  • (1749–1841), German writer and Roman Catholic clergyman
  • Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen-Hornberg (1755–1836), German diplomat
  • (1750–1812), German legal scholar
  • Christoph Girtanner (1760–1800), Swiss physician, chemist, and historical-political writer
  • (1740–1824), German writer
  • Leopold Friedrich Günther von Goeckingk (1748–1828), Rococo poet and Prussian civil servant
  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), German poet, playwright, natural scientist, and politician
  • Joseph Franz von Goez (1754–1815), Austrian painter
  • (1750–1813), German entomologist
  • (1740–1807), Polish alchemist
  • (1744–1815), German bookseller and publisher
  • (1735–1804), German physician

H

  • (1759–1846), German physician
  • Benedikt Hacker (1769–1829), Austrian composer and music publisher
  • Johann Casimir Häffelin (1737–1827), German diplomat and cardinal
  • (1752–1819), German writer, lawyer, and civil servant
  • (1751–1806), Moravian Enlightenment philosopher, historian, writer, and humanist
  • Karl August von Hardenberg (1750–1822), Prussian statesman and reformer
  • Lorenz Leopold Haschka (1749–1827), Austrian poet and author
  • Johann Matthäus Hassencamp (1743–1797), German theologian, orientalist, and mathematician
  • (1752–1816), German civil servant and botanist
  • (1728–1805), German civil servant
  • (1769–1847), Prussian district administrator
  • (1758–1817), German librarian, teacher, and teacher of the deaf and dumb
  • Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), German writer, translator, theologian, and philosopher
  • (1749–1816), German theologian
  • (1756–1818), German economist and publicist
  • (1743–1814), German jurist and university lecturer
  • Leopold Alois Hoffmann (1760–1806), Austrian publicist and playwright
  • (1740–1814), procurator at the Imperial Chamber Court
  • Andreas Joseph Hofmann (1752–1849), philosopher and revolutionary
  • (1755–1840), Lutheran theologian
  • (1759–1820), merchant, mayor, and administrative councilor
  • (1761–1809), Bavarian Minister of Finance
  • (1763–1830), Lutheran theologian
  • (1730–1792), German lawyer, constitutional law scholar and civil servant
  • (1755–1814), Austrian journalist, satirist and librettist
  • Gottlieb Hufeland (1760–1817), legal scholar
  • Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland (1762–1836), German physician and naturopath, founder of macrobiotics
  • (1753–1837), patrician and politician

I

  • Isaak Iselin (1728–1782), Swiss philosopher of history

J

K

  • (1749–1812), Civil servant
  • (1750–1793), physician and chemist
  • Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg (1711–1794), Austrian statesman and reformer
  • (1740–1804), Austrian mathematician, university professor, and clergyman
  • (1765–1840), Roman Catholic clergyman
  • (1741–1827), Royal Bavarian Chamberlain and Lieutenant General
  • Franz Joseph, Count Kinsky (1739–1805), Austrian general in the War of the Bavarian Succession and in the Coalition Wars
  • Johann Friedrich Kleuker (1749–1827), high school and university teacher
  • Adolph Knigge (1752–1796), German writer and researcher
  • (1752–1791), lawyer
  • (1733–1815), Benedictine monk and theologian
  • (1744–1816), statesman and auxiliary bishop
  • (1727–1809), Austrian major general, lieutenant field marshal, and governor.
  • (1750–1824), Austrian field marshal during the Coalition Wars and Grand Prior of the Knights Hospitaller
  • Johann Benjamin Koppe (1750–1791), Lutheran theologian
  • Christian Gottfried Körner (1756–1831), writer and lawyer
  • (1742–1786), German-Austrian lawyer, civil servant, and politician
  • (1759–1812), legal historian and statesman
  • (1737–1806), court chamberlain and prime minister of Nassau-Usingen

L

  • Karl Heinrich von Lang (1764–1835), historian and publicist
  • (1763–1809), classical philologist, ancient historian, numismatist and high school teacher
  • (1757–1830), Austrian writer and librarian
  • (1747–1830), Frankfurt merchant, landowner, and politician
  • Franz Michael Leuchsenring (1746–1827), writer
  • Karl Lichnowsky (1761–1814), chamberlain at the imperial court in Vienna
  • (1739–1816), senator and mayor of Hamburg
  • Justus Christian Loder (1753–1832), anatomist, surgeon, personal physician to Tsar Alexander I
  • (1757–1823), Bavarian nobleman and government official
  • (1755–1829), merchant
  • (1740–1810), architect
  • Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (1753–1830), Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
  • (1748–1809), lawyer, captain, and educator
  • (1760–1803), Austrian diplomat and orientalist
  • (1753–1821), merchant and politician
  • (1750–1829), German balloonist and aviation pioneer

M

  • (1756–1844), mayor of French Mainz
  • (1760–1827), privy councilor and minister of state of the Kingdom of Württemberg
  • (1750–1824), nobleman and Freemason
  • Georg Friedrich von Martens (1756–1821), diplomat and publicist
  • (1750–1835), lawyer, Minister of Justice and Police and Accounting Councillor in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
  • Jakob Mauvillon (1743–1794), Enlightenment philosopher, writer, constitutional lawyer, economist (representative of physiocracy), historian, translator, officer and engineer
  • (1760–1790), Austrian civil servant
  • Christoph Meiners (1747–1810), German philosopher
  • August Gottlieb Meißner (1753–1807), German writer
  • Ludwig August Mellin (1754–1835), German-Baltic nobleman and liberal politician, one of the most important Baltic cartographers of his time
  • (1765–1825), German law teacher and judge
  • Franz Georg Karl von Metternich (1746–1818), diplomat and minister
  • Mathias Metternich (1758–1825), Mainz Jacobin, mathematician, university professor, politician, and publicist
  • (1755–1837), lawyer and politician, mayor of France
  • (1759–1840), lawyer, scholar, librarian, publicist, and playwright
  • (1753–1813), Catholic theologian and university professor
  • (1750–1828), German Premonstratensian and composer, last abbot of Steingaden
  • (1744–1819), Reformed preacher
  • Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau (1749–1791), French writer, orator and statesman and prominent figure of the early stages of the French Revolution (rumored to be a member of the Illuminati)
  • (1749–1837), Austrian natural scientist and botanist
  • Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer (1753–1823), Danish Protestant theologian and librarian
  • Maximilian von Montgelas (1759–1838), Bavarian statesman and reformer
  • (1735–1810), Bavarian Minister of Justice and Culture
  • Johannes von Müller (1752–1809), Swiss historian, publicist, and statesman
  • (1743–1816), German lawyer and cantor
  • Friedrich Münter (1761–1830), German Protestant theologian
  • (1749–1821), German jurist
  • Johann Karl August Musäus (1735–1787), German author

N

O

  • Franz Oberthür (1745–1831), German Roman Catholic theologian
  • Dietrich Heinrich Ludwig von Ompteda (1746–1803), German constitutional lawyer and minister of Brunswick
  • (1734–1801), German classical philologist and high school teacher
  • (1759–1819), German Protestant theologian

P

  • Francesco Mario Pagano (1748–1799), Italian jurist and author
  • (1735–1816), Hungarian politician
  • (1748–1817), German civil servant and publicist
  • (1752–1791), German physician and writer
  • (1756–1804), German architect
  • (1763–1830), Royal Bavarian District School Inspector and Government Councillor
  • (1745–1809), Austrian writer and civil servant
  • Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827), Swiss educator
  • (1733–1802), Italian lawyer and writer
  • (1752–1785), Austrian physician and university lecturer
  • (1756–1823), Hungarian lawyer, politician, and patron of the arts
  • Anton Podobnik (1755–1809), mayor of Ljubljana
  • (1761–1835), Italian nobleman and Austrian civil servant
  • (1760–1798), Austrian Jacobin
  • (1739–1815), Austrian librarian, archaeologist, and museum expert

R

  • (1757–1810), Austrian writer
  • Heinrich August Ottokar Reichard (1751–1828), German librarian and writer
  • Carl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823), Austrian philosopher and author
  • (1750–1837), German philologist, literary historian, and librarian
  • (1759–1821), court tutor, prince's tutor, and privy chamberlain in Weimar
  • (1759–1830), German Protestant clergyman
  • (1742–1795), German lawyer and historian
  • Franz Anton Ries (1755–1846), German violinist
  • (1740–1803), German theologian, lawyer, and Freemason
  • (1765–1833), German lawyer, university lecturer, and politician
  • (1748–1808), French goldsmith, medalist, and Freemason
  • (1755–1814), German Enlightenment theologian and writer
  • (1738–1809), Austrian civil servant
  • (1753–1808), Bavarian nobleman and local historian
  • (1756–1826), Bavarian nobleman, heraldist, and historian
  • Simon Rottmanner (1740–1813), German cameralist, agricultural reformer, lawyer, landowner, and author
  • (1756–1818), German physician and university professor
  • (1748–1825), German lawyer and librarian
  • (1748–1807), German lawyer

S

  • Joseph Ferdinand Maria von Salern (1718–1805), German military officer and general superintendent of court music
  • (1749–1820), French-Alsatian lawyer, legation councillor, bookseller and printer
  • (1760–1832), Austrian politician
  • (1742–1817), German lawyer
  • (1746–1797), captain of the French National Guard and aide to Lafayette
  • (1748–1814), German officer, politician, musician, and writer
  • (1744–1833), German civil servant
  • (1765–1842), Minister of Justice of Kurhessen
  • (1742–1806), German botanist and university lecturer
  • Friedrich Schlichtegroll (1765–1822), German teacher and scholar
  • Johann Georg Schlosser (1739–1799), German lawyer, statesman, and translator
  • Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim (1765–1832), geologist and paleontologist
  • (1761–1812), theologian and philosopher
  • (1749–1799), Prussian officer and military writer
  • Friedrich Ludwig Schröder (1744–1816), actor, theater director, playwright, and Freemason
  • (1743–1812), Benedictine monk and educator
  • (1756–1834), German publicist
  • (1713–1799), Bavarian court music director
  • (1746–1838), German theologian
  • Johann Christian Siebenkees (1753–1841), German poet and lawyer
  • Georg Heinrich Sieveking (1751–1799), German merchant and Enlightenment philosopher
  • (1747–1829), French teacher, printer, and politician
  • (1745–1827), Benedictine monk and inventor
  • (1739–1805), German classical philologist, philosopher, university professor, and Freemason
  • (1752–1815), Westphalian nobleman and civil servant
  • (1756–1825), German pastor and Reformed theologian
  • Ludwig Timotheus Spittler (1752–1810), German historian
  • Anton Matthias Sprickmann (1749–1833), German writer and lawyer
  • , Imperial Count
  • (1761–1811), Austrian diplomat
  • Johann Philipp von Stadion (1763–1824), Austrian statesman
  • Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg (1750–1819), German lawyer and translator (believed to be member of the Illuminati)
  • (1766–1835), German-Russian economist
  • Maximilian Stoll (1742–1787), German-Austrian physician and university professor
  • (1748–1805), Bavarian publicist and publisher
  • Andreas Stütz (1747–1806), Austrian mineralogist and geologist
  • (1757–1813), lawyer and mayor of Osnabrück
  • Martin Ernst von Styx (1759–1829), German-Baltic physician and university professor
  • (1722–1801), German natural scientist and mathematician
  • (1752–1828), German theologian
  • Gottfried van Swieten (1733–1803), Dutch-born Austrian diplomat, librarian, and government officia

T

U

  • (1743–1807), Bohemian priest, historian, and scholar
  • (1763–1840), Bavarian civil servant, politician, manufacturer, entrepreneur, and mayor of Munich

V

W

  • (1746–1825), lawyer, Württemberg civil servant and Minister of the Interior
  • Philipp Franz Wilderich Nepomuk von Walderdorf (1739–1810), Prince-Bishop of Speyer
  • (1757–1819), German-Austrian jurist and university professor
  • (1761–1831), German physician and revolutionary
  • Adam Weishaupt (1748–1830), German author, university professor and philosopher, founder of the Illuminati
  • (1751–1804), mayor of Speyer
  • (1755–1817), Austrian writer, historian, lawyer, philosopher, and translator
  • (1755–1790), German lawyer and diplomat
  • (1745–1823), German Roman Catholic theologian and church reformer of the Enlightenment
  • (1748–1817), German writer
  • Lorenz von Westenrieder (1748–1829), German historian and writer
  • Alexander von Westerholt (1765–1827), Bavarian statesman
  • (1749–1804), German physician
  • (1738–1819), Austrian diplomat
  • (1760–1838), Frankfurt banker and author
  • (1752–1792), German physician
  • (1766–1841), Prussian civil servant
  • (1744–1797), Austrian composer, cellist, violinist, and music teacher
  • (1743–1829), Bishop of Regensburg

Y

  • (1747–1806), German author

Z

  • Franz Xaver von Zach (1754–1832), Austrian astronomer
  • (1746–1795), Bavarian lawyer, writer, and enlightenment philosopher
  • (1751–1828), Austrian lawyer and rector of the University of Vienna
  • (1752–1835), Bavarian Minister of State
  • (1756–1843), Bavarian civil servant
  • (1737–1793), German lawyer at the Imperial Chamber Court

References

Sources

Further reading

  • Hermann Schüttler: Die Mitglieder des Illuminatenordens 1776–1787/93. Ars Una, München 1991,