The 2025 European tornado season consisted of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks across Europe and surrounding areas.
Many different meteorological organizations across Europe document tornado events, often using different tornado intensity scales, including the TORRO (T) scale, the Fujita (F) scale, the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, and the International Fujita (IF) scale. For consistency, this list primarily uses the IF-scale, the preferred scale of the European Severe Storms Laboratory (ESSL) and its database, the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD).
Despite their similar areas, Europe sees significantly fewer tornadoes than the United States. Geography plays a major role in this discrepancy, with the unique features in North America making areas like Tornado Alley ideal for severe weather, while many of these conditions are generally less optimal in Europe. However, the under-reporting of weaker tornadoes across the continent also contributes to this. This under-reporting primarily stems from a lack of pan-European collaboration in monitoring tornadoes, resulting in less public and institutional awareness of them or their danger or the real threat they pose, despite many occurrences of violent, damaging, and deadly tornadoes across the continent.
Tornado activity in Europe typically peaks in the summer months and is lowest during the winter months. More specifically, Central and Northern Europe peak in the summer, the western and central Mediterranean regions peak in autumn, and the eastern Mediterranean region peaks in the winter. Tornadoes over land most often occur in the late afternoon and early evening hours. On the other hand, waterspouts, which sometimes move ashore in coastal areas and become tornadoes, peak in late spring and typically occur earlier in the day.
The month of January was unusually active in 2025, seeing five IF2 tornadoes in the month, including one in the United Kingdom that injured one person. These were all associated with European windstorms, which peak in intensity in the winter months, creating favourable conditions for severe weather such as tornadoes. February was less active, although one IF2 tornado touched down in Spain. Two more windstorms struck the Iberian coast in March, spawning several tornadoes in Spain.
Early April was very active, with storms in Turkey and Greece spawning seven tornadoes from 1âÂÂ2 April, including an IF2 tornado in Turkey and an IF1 tornado that went through Rhodes. Just two days later, another windstorm spawned three tornadoes in southern Spain, including one that injured four workers and an IF2 tornado that killed three. Activity remained relatively low for the remainder of the month, although one strong tornado touched down in Hungary.
May also began with a tornado outbreak, this time across Western and Eastern Europe. In all, 11 tornadoes touched down across five countries from 2âÂÂ4 May, including one in Portugal that resulted in one injury. On 22 May, five tornadoes touched down across the Po Valley in Italy. Another small outbreak occurred across Central Europe late in the month.
June favored more isolated tornado events, including one IF2 tornado in France and Germany each early in the month. Some touched down in unlikely places, namely the IF2 tornado that touched down in Norway and the IF1.5 tornado that injured five in Armenia. However, there were some smaller tornado outbreaks, including ones in Russia, Estonia and Sweden near the end of the month.
July started strong with an IF2 in Finland that damaged unpopulated forests. Not long later there was a small outbreak of 6 tornadoes that had 2 significant IF2s in Italy and Slovakia. The next three days were strong with an IF1.5 in Italy on 8th, an IF2 in Belarus on the 9th and another IF1.5 in Russia on the 10th. It would take a bit for stronger activity but on the 15th there was a strong IF2 in Austria causing significant damage. The rest of the month was mainly weak with IFU and IF0.5 tornadoes but on the 29th there was another IF2 in Belarus. This month tied for the highest tornado count of the year with June.
August also started strong with an IF2 in Russia and an IF1.5 in Italy on the 3rd. The next couple days only consisted of IFUs until the 10th where there were 2 IF1.5s in Poland. August from here until the 23rd only consisted of weak isolated events, on the 23rd there was a strong IF1.5 in Russia causing significant damage to trees. On one of the last days of the month there was a tornado outbreak of 12 tornadoes across different countries, the strongest of these were 3 IF1.5 tornadoes, 2 in France and 1 in Poland.
September had an extremely strong start with an IF1.5 in Italy on the 1st and a large and long-tracked IF2 in France that caused significant damage and injured 4 people on the 2nd. The month had weak tornadoes until the 11th with an IF1.5 in Turkey that partially destroyed roofs in Tezeren village. It wouldn't take long to see another strong tornado as there was a rare IF1.5 tornado in Sweden on the 14th. The rest of the month only consisted of weak tornadoes but there was a small outbreak in Italy on the 22nd that consisted of 9 weak tornadoes, this outbreak was caused by Storm Alessio in the 2025-26 European windstorm season.
October started with a significant IF2 rated landspout in Norway on the 4th. The next couple days would produce 3 IF1.5 tornadoes on 3 different days in Turkey, Sweden, and Syria. The 20th would produce a small outbreak of 8 mostly weak tornadoes, the strongest of which being a long-tracked IF2 that struck several suburbs northwest of Paris, France; this tornado killed 1 person and caused 9 injuries. The 28th saw 4 strong tornadoes, the strongest of which being 2 IF2s in Turkey, the second tornado killing someone. The month ended with an IF2 in Spain that also killed 1 person.
November consisted of mostly weak and isolated events until a small outbreak on the 15th consisting of 2 IF2s in Portugal one of which being deadly, and a city in Italy being hit by 6 tornadoes, the strongest of which being an IF1.5. The rest of November consisted of weak tornadoes until the 27th where an IF1.5 produced in Greece.
December was filled with mainly weak and isolated events but there were 2 IF1.5s in Greece and Cyprus on the 5th. The month ended with 3 weak IF-0.5s all happening on different days in Spain on the 28th, Turkey on the 29th, and Syria on the 31st. Overall 2025 was an average year on tornado count.