List of European colonies in Africa

The following is a list of European colonies in Africa, organized alphabetically by the colonizing country. France had the most colonies in Africa with 35 colonies followed by Britain with 32.

Belgian colonial empire

• Belgian Congo (Congo Free State annexed as a colony, today's Democratic Republic of the Congo)
• Ruanda-Urundi (comprising modern Rwanda and Burundi, 1922–62)

British Empire

• Egypt
• British Cyrenaica (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
• British Tripolitania (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956)
• British Somaliland (now part of Somalia)
• British East Africa
• Kenya Colony
• Uganda Protectorate
• Tanzania
• Tanganyika Territory (1919–61)
• Zanzibar

• British Mauritius
• Bechuanaland (now Botswana)
• Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
• Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)
• British Seychelles
• British South Africa
• South Africa
• Transvaal Colony
• Cape Colony
• Colony of Natal
• Orange River Colony
• South-West Africa (from 1915, now Namibia)

• British West Africa
• Gambia Colony and Protectorate
• British Sierra Leone
• Colonial Nigeria
• British Togoland (1916–56, today part of Ghana)
• Cameroons (1922–61, now part of Cameroon and Nigeria)
• Gold Coast (British colony) (now Ghana)
• Nyasaland (now Malawi)
• Basutoland (now Lesotho)
• Swaziland (now Eswatini)
• St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Denmark–Norway

• Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Dutch colonial empire

• Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
• Dutch Cape Colony
• Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
• Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
• Gorée (Senegal)
• Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
• São Tomé
• South Africa
• Mauritius

French colonial empire

• French North Africa
• French Algeria (1830-1962; was administered as an integral part of France itself from 1848)
• French Protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956)
• French Protectorate of Morocco (1912–1956)
• Fezzan-Ghadames (1943–1951) (administration given by the UNO after its conquest by Charles de Gaulle)
• Egypt (ownership 1798–1801; Condominium of France and the United Kingdom 1876–1882)

• French West Africa
• Ivory Coast (1843–1960)
• Dahomey or French Dahomey (now Benin) (1883–1960)
• Independent of Dahomey, under French protectorate in 1889
• Porto-Novo (protectorate) (1863–1865, 1882)
• Cotonou (protectorate) (1868)
• French Sudan (now Mali) (1883–1960)
• Senegambia and Niger (1902–1904)
• Guinea or French Guinea (1891–1958)
• Mauritania (1902–1960)
• Adrar emirate (protectorate) (1909)
• The Taganit confederation's emirate (protectorate) (1905)
• Brakna confederation's emirate (protectorate)
• Emirate of Trarza (protectorate) (1902)
• Niger (1890–1960)
• Sultanate of Damagaram (Zinder) (protectorate) (1899)
• Senegal (1677–1960)
• French Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) (1896–1960)
• French Togoland (1918–1960) (formerly a German colony, mandate became a French colony) (now Togo)
• Nigeria
• The Enclaves of Forcados and Badjibo (territory under a lease of 30 years) (1900–1927)
• The Emirate of Muri (Northeast of Nigeria) (1892–1893)
• Gambia
• Albreda (1681–1857)
• Kunta Kinteh Island (1695–1697, 1702)

• French Equatorial Africa
• Chad (1900–1960)
• Oubangui-Chari (currently Central African Republic) (1905–1960)
• Dar al Kuti (protectorate) (1897) (in 1912 its sultanate was suppressed by the French)
• Sultanate of Bangassou (protectorate) (1894)
• Present-day The Republic of Congo, then French Congo (1875–1960)
• Gabon (1839–1960)
• French Cameroon (91% of current Cameroon) (1918–1960) (formerly a German colony, Mandate, Protectorate then French Colony)
• São Tomé and Príncipe (1709)

• French East Africa and Indian Ocean
• French Madagascar (1896–1960)
• Kingdom of Imerina (protectorate; 1896)
• Isle de France (1715–1810; now Mauritius)
• Djibouti (French Somaliland) (the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas; French Somalia; 1862–1977)
• French Egypt (1798–1801, 1858–1882, 1956)
• Mayotte (1841–present)
• Seychelles (1756–1810)
• Chagos Archipelago (1721–1745, 1768–1814)
• The Scattered Islands (Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Juan de Nova Island, Glorioso Islands, Tromelin Island)
• Comoros (1866–1975)
• Réunion (1710–present)

German Empire

The following were German African protectorates:

• German South West Africa, 1884 to 1915
• German West Africa, 1884 to 1915
• Togoland, 1884 to 1916
• Kamerun, from 1884 to 1916
• Kapitaï and Koba, 1884 to 1885
• Mahinland, March 11, 1885 to October 24, 1885
• German East Africa, 1885 to 1918
• Witu Protectorate, 1885 to 1890
• German Somali Coast, 1885 to 1888
• German Congo, 1884 to 1885
• German Katanga, 1886
• Gando Protectorate, 1895 to 1897
• Gulmu Protectorate, 1895 to 1897
• German South Africa, 1884 to 1885

Hospitaller Malta

• Tripoli

Italian colonial empire

• Italian East Africa
• Italian Eritrea
• Italian Somaliland (now Somalia)
• Italian Ethiopia
• Amhara Governorate
• Galla-Sidamo Governorate
• Harar Governorate
• Scioa Governorate
• Italian Libya

Former colonies, protectorates and occupied areas

• Italian Eritrea (1882–1947)
• Italian Somalia (1889–1947)
• Trust Territory of Somaliland (1950–1960)
• Libya (1911–1947)
• Italian Tripolitania & Cyrenaica (1911–1934)
• Italian Libya (1934–1943)
• Italian East Africa (1936–1941)
• Italian Ethiopia (1936–1941)
• Tunis (1942–1943)

Portuguese colonial empire

• Portuguese Angola (now Angola)
• Mainland Angola
• Portuguese Congo(now Cabinda Province of Angola)
• Portuguese Mozambique(now Mozambique)
• Portuguese Guinea(now Guinea-Bissau)
• Portuguese Gold Coast now part of Ghana
• Portuguese Cape Verde
• Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
• São Tomé Island
• Príncipe Island
• Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá(now Ouidah, in Benin)

Others

• Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)

• Angola
• Annobón
• Cabinda
• Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
• Ceuta
• Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
• Gorée (in Senegal)
• Malindi
• Mombasa
• Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
• Agadir
• Alcacer Ceguer
• Arzila
• Azamor
• Mazagan
• Mogador
• Safim
• Nigeria (Lagos area)
• Mozambique
• Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
• Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
• Quíloa
• São Tomé and Príncipe
• Tangier
• Zanzibar
• Ziguinchor

Russian Empire

• Sagallo (6 January 1889–5 February 1889)

Spanish colonial empire

• Northern Spanish Morocco
• Chefchaouen (Chauen)
• Jebala (Yebala)
• Kert
• Loukkos (Lucus)
• Rif

• Spanish West Africa
• Ifni
• Southern Spanish Morocco (Cape Juby)
• Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara)
• Saguia el-Hamra
• Río de Oro

• Spanish Guinea(now Equatorial Guinea)
• Fernando Pó
• Río Muni
• Annobón

Sweden

• Swedish Gold Coast

See also

• European exploration of Africa
• List of African territories and states by date of colonization
• Scramble for Africa

References