List of Chinese princesses

The following is a list of people holding the title of princess throughout the history of China by dynasty.

Shang dynasty (商朝; c. 1600–1046/c. 1570—1045 BCE)

Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE)

Qin dynasty (秦朝; 221–207 BCE)

Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE)

Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE)

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–960 CE)

Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE)

Liao Dynasty (907–1125 CE)

Western Xia (1038–1227 CE)

Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 CE)

Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 CE)

Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE)

Qing Dynasty (1644–1912 CE)

In the Qing dynasty, An emperor's daughter was not automatically granted the title of princess at birth. Instead, the formal title was conferred usually when she reached the age of marriage—often following a specific ceremony. This practice meant that many daughters, despite being born to the emperor, did not receive the official title are thus excluded from this list that focuses solely on formally titled princesses.

Ranks of Qing Princesses

• 固倫公主 (Gùlún Gōngzhǔ) / ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ (Gurun-i Gungju): Translated as "State Princess" or "Princess of the First Rank." This was the highest rank and was typically bestowed upon daughters born to the Empress (皇后, Huánghòu). Gurun means "all under Heaven" in Manchu, signifying the high status of these princesses. Their husbands were titled 固倫額駙 (Gùlún Éfù).
• 和碩公主 (Héshuò Gōngzhǔ) / ᡥᠣᡧᠣᡳ ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ (HoÅ¡o-i Gungju): Translated as "Heshuo Princess" or "Princess of the Second Rank." This rank was usually granted to daughters born to Imperial Consorts (妃, Fēi) or other high-ranking concubines. HoÅ¡o means "four corners, four sides" in Manchu. Their husbands were titled 和碩額駙 (Héshuò Éfù).
• 郡主 (Jùnzhǔ) / ᡥᠣᡧᠣᡳ ᡤᡝᡤᡝ (HoÅ¡o-i Gege): Translated as "Princess of a Commandery" or "Princess of the Third Rank." This title was typically given to the daughters of Princes of the First Rank (親王, QÄ«nwáng). They were also sometimes referred to as 和碩格格 (Héshuò Gége) or 親王格格 (QÄ«nwáng Gége), literally "lady of a prince of the blood." In special circumstances, daughters of lower-ranking princes or even adopted daughters of the Emperor could be elevated to this rank or even higher. Their husbands were titled 郡額駙 (Jùn Éfù).
• 縣主 (Xiànzhǔ) / ᡩᠣᡵᠣ ᡳ ᡤᡝᡤᡝ (Doro-i Gege): Translated as "Princess of a County" or "Princess of the Fourth Rank." This rank was usually granted to the daughters of Princes of the Second Rank (郡王, Jùnwáng) or Heirs Apparent of Princes of the First Rank (世子, Shìzǐ). They were also called 多羅格格 (Duōluō Gége) or 郡王格格 (Jùnwáng Gége), meaning "lady of a prince of a commandery." They could be promoted to Junzhu under special circumstances. Their husbands were titled 縣額駙 (Xiàn Éfù).

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