The Limassol Carnival () is an annual European carnival event held in Limassol, Cyprus. The main parade is held 12 days before the start of Lent, on the Sunday before Ash Monday, 50 days before Orthodox Easter. The festival is a colourful 10-day event of people eating, singing, satire, games, wearing costumes, and attending parties. The festival culminates with a large parade, which includes an array of floats traversing the city.
Limassol Carnival Festival, which is said to be an old custom traced to pagan rituals, is now held as an entertaining event. The local belief is that it is a Hellenistic heritage that dates to pre-Christian times and to an ancient Greek festival honoring Dionysus. However, the first written reference of the carnival is by Nõþphitos Egklistos, who accuses Cypriots of idolatry and accepting an alien tradition of celebrating the start of the Great Fast. The second historical mention is from Christophor Furkher Nirenberg, whþ visited Cyprus in 1566 during a journey to the Holy Land. Nirenmberg was impressed by the carnival parades and told a story about how local noblemen organize feasts, where people dance, sing and have fun. As practiced now in Limassol, the carnival is a legacy from the Venetians who ruled Cyprus during the 15thâÂÂ16th centuries. Unlike the Carnival of Venice, both adults and children can join the Limassol Carnival and as a rule, everyone pours foam on each other in the Old City. The celebrations are held in most towns around the island, but the event held in Limassol is the largest and most popular.
After some groups broke the ground rules in 2015, the Limassol municipality does not allow offending groups or floats from starting from the Enaerios junction and may intercept them at a later stage with the help of police and security guards. The new rules are as follows:
The 2021 edition of the festival was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, people arrived to celebrate the festival as they were allowed to have a "mini parade" which saw them remain in their cars and follow the route that the annual parade would usually take. Later in the day, more people arrived and the event turned into a street party, with most attendees ignoring social distancing rules and not wearing masks. Police eventually intervened. Limassol mayor Nicos Nicolaides said that he was "saddened and disappointed" by the behaviour of the attendees. 28 people and two businesses were fined by the police.
Carnival has been celebrated in Cyprus for over a century, regardless of the political or economic conditions of the time. The epicentre of the Carnival in Cyprus is the seafront city of Limassol, the residents of which have a reputation for being the fun-loving and sociable. Carnival, a ritual which on the eve of spring, is an opportunity for people to express their faith and optimism for a good year. The municipality conducts a minimum of five events, which include an open-air event at Tepak Square. A children's parade, a key event of the carnival, is held on the first Sunday of the festive events. Children customarily dress in carnival costumes and parade down the streets of Limassol.
On the Grand Carnival parade the floats theme and the singing are commonly satirical. The Carnival King or Queen could be presented as a satirical figure representing social, political and economic conditions of relevance to Cyprus or Europe in general. On the final day which is the Grand Carnival, more than 150 floats and an estimated 50,000 people take part in the procession. The city's brass band and groups of drummers and mandolin-toting kantadoroi (serenaders) accompany the Carnival King (or Queen). During 2014 the satirical theme was the Carnival King depicted with Euro signs indicative of the economic crisis in Europe. On an earlier occasion the Carnival Queen was presented as Angela Merkel as they had then considered her responsible for the economic crisis in Cyprus.
The Limassol Municipality organizes the final Carnival Grand Parade through Makariou Avenue (~), Limassol's high street.