Lilius is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Lilius family
- Aloysius Lilius (c. 1510âÂÂ1576) principal author of the Gregorian Calendar
- Lilius (crater), named after him
- Franciszek Lilius (c. 1600âÂÂ1657), Polish composer
- Henrik Lilius (1683âÂÂ1745), Finnish poet
- Johan Lilius (1724âÂÂ1803), Justice of the Hovrätt and founding member, with Henrik Gabriel Porthan, of the Aurora Society.
- Frans Hugo Lilius (1860âÂÂ1936), Finnish senator, Minister of Justice
- Frans Oskar Lilius (1871âÂÂ1928), Finnish senator.
- Albert Lilius (1873âÂÂ1947), Finnish professor of psychology at Helsinki University, pioneer in developmental psychology.
- Aleko Lilius (1890âÂÂ1977), Finnish adventurer and author.
- Carl-Gustaf Lilius (1928âÂÂ1998), Finnish painter, sculptor and author
- Irmelin Sandman Lilius (1936âÂÂ), Finnish Swedes author
- Henrik Lilius, (1939âÂÂ) professor of art history at Helsinki University, professor of architectural history at Helsinki University of Technology, and former head of The National Board of Antiquities
- Mikael Lilius (born 1949), Finnish businessman