The Libui (or Libici, Libii) were a Celto-Ligurian tribe living of southern Gaul and northern Italy during Iron Age. Their presence is recorded in the Rhône delta (Camargue), as well as in the Po plain following migrations in the 5th century BC.
They are mentioned as Lebékioi (ÃÂõòÃÂúùÿù) by Polybius (2nd c. BC), Libui by Livy (late 1st c. BC), Libii and Libiciorum by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as Libikà ÂÃÂn (ÃÂùòùúῶý) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD).
According to Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel, the ethnonym Libikoi could derive from an earlier *lub<sup>h</sup>ikoi ('the loving ones'; from Gaulish lubi 'love') with pretonic vowel assimilation (u...i > i...i).
The Libui lived around the two 'Libic mouths' (ora Libica) of the Rhône mentioned by Pliny, a designation corresponding to the western branch of the delta (the ) and thus to the Camargue region. Their territory was situated west of the Anatilii and Avatici, south of the Volcae Arecomici and Cavari. According to historian Guy Barruol, they were part of the Saluvian confederation.
An oppidum with Latin Rights given by Pliny as Libii was probably the name of their chief town.
Livy writes that groups of Libui and Salyes settled in the Po plain, near the Ligurian Laevi on the banks of the Ticino, at the time of major Celtic incursions during the 5th century BC. Pliny refers to these Libui as Libicii, specifying that they lived around Vercellae.