Li Dongying (; December 14, 1920 - September 22, 2020) was a Chinese metallurgist and one of the founders of China's rare metal industry.
Li was born in Beijing on December 14, 1920. After graduating from Fu Jen Catholic University in 1948, he was dispatched to Shenyang as a factory manager. In 1953, he was transferred to Beijing, where he successively served as vice president, deputy chief engineer, chief engineer, and deputy party secretary of the Beijing Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals (formerly Comprehensive Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals). In December 1980, he co-founded the Chinese Society of Rare Earths (CSRE) in Beijing. On September 22, 2020, Li died in Beijing at the age of 99.