"La cumparsita" (little street procession, a grammatical diminutive of la comparsa) is a tango written in 1916 by the Uruguayan musician Gerardo Matos RodrÃÂguez. It is among the most famous and widely recognised tangos of all time. It was first performed publicly at Café La Giralda, then located on the ground floor of the Palacio Salvo in Montevideo, Uruguay; the site now houses the Tango Museum.
The title translates as âÂÂthe little paradeâÂÂ, and the original version was an instrumental composition. Matos RodrÃÂguez later wrote lyrics beginning, âÂÂThe parade of endless miseries marches around that sick being who will soon die of grief.â However, the lyrics by Argentines Pascual Contursi and achieved greater popularity.
The song was originally a march, whose melody was composed in early 1916 by an architecture student in Montevideo, an 18-year-old man named Gerardo Hernán "Becho" Matos RodrÃÂguez, the son of Montevideo's Moulin Rouge nightclub proprietor Emilio Matos. On 8 February 1916, Matos RodrÃÂguez had his friend Manuel Barca show the music sheet to orchestra leader Roberto Firpo at the cafe called La Giralda. Firpo looked at the music and quickly determined that he could make it into a tango. As presented to him it had two sections; Firpo added a third part taken from his own little-known tangos "La gaucha Manuela" and "Curda completa", and also used a portion of Giuseppe Verdi's "Miserere", a chorus and duet from the opera Il trovatore. Years later, Firpo reported the historic moment as follows:
Firpo recorded the song in November 1916 for Odeon Records: Odeon release number 483. He used the recording studio of Max Glücksmann in Buenos Aires, and employed two violinists, one bandoneon player (Juan Bautista "Bachicha" Deambrogio), and one flute player to join him as bandleader on piano. The song was pressed as the B-side of a 78 rpm release, and had only a modest success, fading in familiarity after several years.
Lyrics to the song were written by the Argentine Pascual Contursi in 1924, and soon became a hit. This version of the song is considered the most widely known tango song in the world, closely followed by "El Choclo". Contursi recorded the song under the title "Si supieras" ("If you knew"). Living in Paris at that time, Matos RodrÃÂguez discovered, that the song was a big hit, when he talked with Uruguayan violinist and tango orchestra leader Francisco Canaro, who was playing the tune at Paris engagements as "Si supieras". Canaro told Matos RodrÃÂguez the song was "all the rage by all the orchestras". Matos RodrÃÂguez spent the next two decades in various court battles over royalties, and finally succeeded in ensuring, that "La cumparsita" was re-established as the title of the song. However, Contursi's lyrics became intimately associated with the song.
Canaro formulated a binding agreement in 1948, one which would end the lawsuits. He determined that 20 percent of all royalties would go to the estates of the lyricist Contursi and his business partner Enrique P. Maroni. The other 80 percent of recording royalties would go to the estate of Matos RodrÃÂguez. Canaro established that future sheet music printings would show Contursi's lyrics in addition to less well-known ones written by Matos RodrÃÂguez, and no other lyrics.
Famous versions of this tango include Carlos Gardel's and performances by orchestras led by Juan d'Arienzo, Osvaldo Pugliese and Astor Piazzolla. "La cumparsita" is very popular at milongas; it is a common tradition for it to be played as the last dance of the evening.
The song was named cultural and popular anthem of Uruguay by law in 1997.
In Billy Wilder's 1950 film Sunset Blvd., Norma Desmond (Gloria Swanson) and Joe Gillis (William Holden) tango to âÂÂLa cumparsita" during her New YearâÂÂs Eve party on a tile floor recommended to her by fellow silent movie star Rudolph Valentino. When Norma opens her arms, Joe jokingly replies âÂÂNot on the same floor with Valentino!âÂÂ
In the 1951 film Valentino, when Valentino (Anthony Dexter) and Joan Carlisle (Patricia Medina) appear at the producer Mark Towers' (Otto Kruger) birthday party, they dance to the tune of "La cumparsita", which persuades Towers to cast the unknown Valentino in a major film.
In Wilder's 1959 film Some Like It Hot, "La cumparsita" is played by a blindfolded Cuban band during a scene in which Jack Lemmon dressed in drag dances with overstated flair in the arms of Joe E. Brown who thinks Lemmon is a woman ("Daphne â you're leading again"). During the filming in 1958, actor George Raft taught the other two men to dance the tango for this scene.