Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro enjoy many of the same legal protections available to non-LGBTQ people. Same-sex marriage is legal in the state since 2013.
On 17 April 2013, The General Magistrate of Justice of Rio de Janeiro, Judge Valmir de Oliveira Silva, published a legal ruling authorizing same-sex marriage in the state if local judges agree. Same sex weddings are poised to begin in the coming days. According to the ruling (25/2013), a couples' request must be registered by civil registry officers, who have to give 15 days for the district to decide if they agree. If they don't agree, the marriage cannot proceed.
The Supreme Federal Court of Brazil ruled on 1 March 2018, that a transgender person has the right to change their official name and sex without the need of surgery or professional evaluation, just by self-declaration of their psychosocial identity.
On June 11, 2025, the Petrópolis City Council passed a law banning transgender people from using restrooms in the city. The bill's author, Councilman Octavio Sampaio, said the law's objective is to "protect the physical and psychological integrity of women, children, and adolescents, ensuring safety and privacy in public restrooms."