In enzymology, L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The two substrates of this enzyme are L-xylose and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP<sup>+</sup>). Its products are L-xylono-1,4-lactone, reduced NADPH, and a proton.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD<sup>+</sup> or NADP<sup>+</sup> as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-xylose:NADP<sup>+</sup> 1-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include L-xylose dehydrogenase, and NADPH-xylose reductase.