Kurdish villages were razed by the Ba'athist Iraqi government during its "Arabization campaign" of areas excluded from Kurdistan under the IraqiâÂÂKurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970.
The International Association of Genocide Scholars called the Ba'athist attacks on Kurds genocide.
Some 4,000 villages were destroyed from 1975 until the end of the Al-Anfal Campaign in the late 1980s.
During the mid-1970s, hundreds of Kurdish villages were destroyed in the northern governorates of Ninawa and Duhok (Shorsh Resool estimate: 369), and around 150 in Diyala (Shorsh Resool estimate: 154).
In 1977âÂÂ78, in response to the 1975 Algiers Agreement, Iraq began clearing swaths of land along its northern border with Iran. During the first waves of clearances, residents were given five days to leave their homes and as many as 500 villages were then destroyed, mostly in the As Sulaymaniyah Governorate.
The persecution of Feyli Kurds under Saddam Hussein was a systematic persecution of Feylis by Saddam HusseinâÂÂs regime between 1970 and 2003. An estimated 300,000âÂÂ500,000 Feyli Kurds had been deported to Iran as a result of the persecution campaigns and at least 25,000 Feyli Kurds have disappeared. Their remains have not been found.
In July and August 1983, by the orders of President Saddam Hussein over 8,000 men and boys of the Barzani tribe, some as young as 13, were killed by the Ba'athist Iraq.
In the spring of 1987, Ali Hassan al-Majid instructed that "no house was to be left standing" in the Kurdish villages of the Erbil plain. Only Arab villages would be spared. On October 17, 1987 a population census was conducted, in which respondents could only choose "Arab" or "Kurdish" as their nationality; anyone who refused to identify as "Arab" (including minorities such as Assyrians, Turkmens and Yazidis) was labeled "Kurdish" regardless of ethnicity, and when the Al-Anfal Campaign was officially launched several months later, all non-Arabs were targeted. The total of Kurdish villages that were destroyed during the 1987âÂÂ1989 Al-Anfal Campaign is estimated to be 2,000.
1.5 million Kurds were displaced during the 1991 uprisings in Iraq with cities like Tuz Khormato having a rate of displacement as high as 90%; at least 48,400 Kurds starved to death due to displacements possibly 140,600.
In late 1991, the international community launched a large-scale project to reconstruct housing in 1,500 of the 4,000 destroyed villages of northern Iraq.