Kumzari (, ) is a Southwestern Iranian language that has similarities with Farsi, Luri, Achomi and Balochi languages. Although vulnerable, it survives today with between 4,000 and 5,000 speakers. It is spoken by Kumzaris, part of the Shihuh, on the Kumzar coast of Musandam Peninsula (northern Oman). Kumzari speakers can also be found in the towns of Dibba and Khasab as well as various villages, and on Larak Island in Iran.
Kumzari is the only Iranian language spoken exclusively in the Arabian Peninsula.
The Kumzari name derives from the historically rich mountainous village of Kumzar. The language has two main groups of speakers, one on each side of the Strait of Hormuz: the Shihuh tribe of the Musandam Peninsula and the Laraki community of Larak Island in Iran. On the Musandam Peninsula, the Kumzar population is concentrated in Oman, in the village of Kumzar and in a quarter of Khasab known as the Harat al-Kamazirah. In addition, Kumzari is found at Dibba and the coastal villages of Elphinstone and the Malcolm Inlets. It is the mother tongue of fishermen who are descendants of the Yemeni conqueror of Oman, Malek bin Faham (). Based on linguistic evidence, Kumzari was present in the Arabia region before the Muslim conquest of the region in the 7th Century A.D.
Kumzari is usually written with the Perso-Arabic script. The Kumzari alphabet has 33 letters: 28 letters from the alphabet, 3 additional letters, the lam-Alif ligature and Hamza.
Kumzari uses the letter ÃÂ, which in Persian represents tÃÂ, to represent the /g/ sound. This practice is not unique to Kumzari: it is also used to transliterate Hebrew words in the Arabic script for the ÃÂ, and also in Lebanon and Greek Aljamiado. The tàsound in Kumzari is written ú, which is also used in Arabi Malayalam script for the Malayalam à ´·.
Kumzari has 8 vowels: a, à(/aÃÂ/), i, ë (/iÃÂ/), u, à « (/uÃÂ/), e (/eÃÂ/) and o (/oÃÂ/). The short vowels a, i and u are written with the 3 harakats Fatḥa, Kasra and á¸Âamma, and the long vowels with the 3 harakats followed by ç, àand ÃÂ. The long àvowel at the beginning of a word is written â. Short vowels a i u at the end of word are written with the 3 diacritics followed by ÃÂ. The e and o vowels are written withàand àwithout any diacritics.
Kumzari has consonants, and all but three () also exist as geminates
Kumzari has a length distinction in its vowels, with five long vowels and three short vowels. Vowels never occur in direct hiatus; rather, they are separated by either a semivowel such as or /w/, or a glottal stop ().