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Kōfuku-ji

is a Buddhist temple in Japan that was once one of the powerful Nanto Shichi Daiji 'Seven Great Temples' in the city of Nara. The temple is the national headquarters of the East Asian Yogācāra school. It is part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, a World Heritage Site.

History

Kōfuku-ji has its origin as a temple that was established in 669 by Kagami-no-Ōkimi (), the wife of Fujiwara no Kamatari, wishing for her husband's recovery from illness. Its original site was in Yamashina, Yamashiro Province (present-day Kyoto). In 672, the temple was moved to Fujiwara-kyō, the first planned Japanese capital to copy the orthogonal grid pattern of Chang'an. In 710, the temple was dismantled for the second time and moved to its present location, on the east side of the newly constructed capital, Heijō-kyō, today's Nara. Kōfuku-ji (the Temple that Generates Blessings) got its name from Kamatari's son Fujiwara no Fuhito, who named it after the Vimalakirti Sutra.

Kōfuku-ji was the Fujiwara's tutelary temple, and enjoyed prosperity for as long as the family did. The temple was not only an important center for the Buddhist religion, but also retained influence over the imperial government, even by "aggressive means" in some cases, thanks to the marriage of Fuhito's daughter to Emperor Shōmu, becoming the Empress Kōmyō. In 730, as a result of her conversion and devotion to Buddhism, she ordered the construction of the , now a National Treasure. In 734, her commission of the Saikondō was completed in memory of her mother's death. Under her supervision, according to the Fusō Ryakuki, Japan's first medical dispensary and welfare institution was established at the temple (at the cost of 50 vassal households, 100 hectares of rice from Iyo Province, and 130,000 sheaves worth from Echizen).

When many of the Nanto Shichi Daiji, such as Tōdai-ji, declined after the move of capital to Heian-kyō (Kyoto), Kōfuku-ji kept its significance because of its connection to the Fujiwara.

The temple was damaged and destroyed by civil wars and fires many times, and was rebuilt as many times as well, although finally some of the important buildings, such as one of the three golden halls, the Nandaimon, Chūmon and the corridor were never reconstructed and are missing today. The rebuilding of the Central Golden Hall was completed in 2018.

was a chashitsu formerly located at the temple and considered one of the . It was relocated due its deteriorated state and is now in the gardens of the Tokyo National Museum.

Architecture and treasures

The following are some of the temple's buildings and treasures of note.

Architecture

  • , 1425, one of the former three golden halls (National Treasure)
  • , 2018, reconstructed, the former temporary Central Golden Hall building (仮金堂) now serves as the temporary Lecture Hall (仮講堂)
  • , 1426 (National Treasure)
  • , 1185 (National Treasure)
  • , 1210 (National Treasure)
  • , 1741, Site No.9 of Saigoku 33 Pilgrimage (Important Cultural Property)
  • , 1394–1427 (Important Cultural Property)

Treasures

Plan

Showing the original layout of the temple, with the later three-storied pagoda, Nan'en-dō, and Ōyūya superimposed. Of the buildings marked, only these three together with the five-storied pagoda, Tōkon-dō and Hoku'en-dō remain.

Gallery

See also

Sculptures formerly from Kōfuku-ji

Works of art from Kōfuku-ji

Notes

References

  • Minoru Ooka, Temples of Nara and Their Art (Tokyo: Heibonsha; New York: Weatherhill, 1973)

External links