Kampot ( , ) is a province in southwestern Cambodia. It borders the provinces of Kampong Speu to the north, Takéo to the east, Kep and the country of Vietnam (Kiên Giang) or Kampuchea Krom (Peam) to the south, and Preah Shianouk to the west. To its south it has a coastline of around 45 km on the Gulf of Thailand. Its capital is the city of Kampot.
Kampot had a population of 627,884 in 2010 and consists of eight districts divided into 92 communes with a total of 477 villages. The Preah Monivong National Park at 140,000 hectares is located in Kampot.
In the 19th century, during the French Indochina period, Kampot became a regional administrative center with the status of a state border district as a result of the delimitation of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The Circonscription Résidentielle de Kampot contained the arrondissements of Kampot, Kompong-Som, Trang and Kong-Pisey.
In 1889, French colonial census reports a multi-ethnic community: Kampot town consisted of "Cambodian Kampot" on the Prek-Kampot River and "Chinese Kampot" on the right riverbank of the west branch of the Prek-Thom River. Nearby was a Vietnamese village, called Tien-Thanh and another Vietnamese village on Traeuy Koh Island. A Malay one existed on Traeuy Koh Island. Additional villages of mixed ethnicity are listed.
Destruction and mass murder happened throughout Kampot province, as the Cambodian genocide and massacres engulfed Kampot province under the Khmer Rouge rule. A total 90,450 persons were massacred throughout the province.
The province is subdivided into 7 districts and 2 municipality.