Jhangvi, also known as Jhangochi, is a Lahnda dialect of Punjabi, primarily spoken in central region of Punjab, Pakistan. Its name is derived from the city of Jhang, which is the historic center of the region. It is spoken throughout a widespread area, at either end of the Ravi and Chenab, administratively covering most of Faisalabad Division, Sahiwal Division, northern portion of Multan Division (Khanewal and Vehari), and southern portion of Gujrat Division (Hafizabad and Mandi Bahauddin).
It is intermediate between Majhi and Multani. The similar Shahpuri dialect is spoken in Sargodha and Mandi Bahauddin, while Dhanni is spoken in Chakwal, Talagang and Khushab.
Jangli's sound inventory includes implosive consonants, but unlike in Saraiki these do not have phonemic status, as they do not contrast with plain voiced consonants. The implosives are more common than in Saraiki, and their set contains an unusual and highly rare consonant, a dental implosive , which contrasts with the regular retroflex implosive .
Glottolog shows Jatki, Shahpuri and Dhanni as other dialects of Lahnda (Western Punjabi).
Similar to Pothohari, Hindko, and other Western Punjabi dialects, Jhangochi also uses pyÃÂ to signify the continuous tense.
Many Majhi sub-dialects also utilize this tense.
The place of "pyÃÂ" may sometimes be switched with respect to the verb.
"Tusëàbahoon changàkamm paye karenday o", meaning "You (plural) are doing a very good thing"
"Tà «Ã bahoon changàkamm krendàain pyÃÂ", meaning "You (sing, m) are doing a very good thing"
"SÃÂá¸ÂàhÃÂl kehá¹Âàpuchhdàãi, mar mar ke paye aan jeenday, meaning "What do you ask about us? We are living in great distress" (a song by Mansoor Malangi)
"Paye aapna vanjeynday visaah o", meaning "You are wasting the trust people have in you" (from "Tusi changean naseeban de shah")
"Eh dohven aape vich larde hin paye". meaning "These two are fighting amongst themselves"
"Ethay seklaan pyiaan vikkdiyaan hin" or "Ethay seklaan vikkdiyaan ne pyiaan", meaning "Bicycles are being sold here"
The future tense in Jatki Punjabi is formed by adding -s as opposed to the Eastern Punjabi gÃÂ.
This tense is also utilized in Pothwari, Hindko, Saraiki and other Western Punjabi dialects.
The past tense in the Jatki dialects differs from that of Eastern Punjabi.
The present tense of non-causative verbs in Jatki may involve the addition of -eyndÃÂ, while causative verbs may attain either -eyndÃÂ or -ÃÂandÃÂ. The future tense changes accordingly.
Verbs that have a causative form, rarely acquire -eyndÃÂ, for example, MardÃÂ (dies) cannot become MareyndÃÂ (kills/hits) as that is the present form of MaarnÃÂ (killing/hitting).
However, MannnÃÂ (to be convinced) and MannÃÂvnÃÂ (to convince) both can be said as ManeyndÃÂ in the present form.
Verbs like ÃÂvan (to come) and lyÃÂvan (to bring) will not take -eyndÃÂ, as they lack a passive form, so they are either said as -ÃÂndÃÂ or -aundÃÂ
The progressive tense is built upon the present tense, and is used in all Punjabi dialects. It is made by ending the verb with -eÃÂn in the present form.
For example, "to be doing" or "while doing", can be either kardeÃÂn or kareyndeÃÂn.
The Jatki dialects have a special passive tense for most verbs.
The present passive is made by adding -eendÃÂ, past passive by adding -eejÃÂ/eeyÃÂ, subjunctive by adding -eevay (s.) and -eevan (pl), progressive by adding -eendeÃÂn, gerundive passive by adding -eevna/eejna and future passive by adding -eesi. The continuous passive is built upon the present passive by adding pyÃÂ, while perfect passive is built by adding gyÃÂ to the past passive.
VarteendÃÂ (is used), Varteenday (are used), Varteevay/Varteejay (to be used, sing), Varteevan/Varteejan (to be used, pl), VarteejÃÂ/VarteeyÃÂ (was used), Vartee-gyÃÂ (has been used), Varteenda-pyÃÂ (is being used), VarteendeÃÂn (while being used), Varteevna/Varteejna (its "being used"), Varteesi (will be used), Vartee-veysi or Vartee-jaasi (will have been used/will end up being used), Vartee-veynda or Vartee-jaanda (gets used).
Note: The past passive in Shahpuri is made by adding -eevyÃÂ, in Jhangochi by adding -eeyaÃÂ, Dhani is made by adding -eetÃÂ, and in Thalochi and it is made by adding -eechÃÂ. In Saraiki it is also added with -eechÃÂ/-eejÃÂ.
Some verbs may attain this form without any change in usage or meaning, such as:
à ¨¬à ¨µà ©Âà ¨¹à ¨£à ¨¾ à ¨Âà ¨ à ©Âà ¨µà ¨£à ¨¾ / èÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂç çÃÂùþÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂç, being the same as à ¨Âà ©±à ¨ à ¨£à ¨¾ / çÃÂùþÃÂÃÂç
à ¨¦à ¨¿à ¨¸à ©Âà ¨Âà ¨¦à ¨¾ /àïÃÂóÃÂÃÂÃÂïç, being the same as à ¨¦à ¨¿à ©±à ¨¸à ¨¦à ¨¾ / ïÃÂóÃÂïç
Proverb example: Heá¹Âá¹Âhon utton vaá¸Âá¸Âheeveeye taan á¸Âakk sadeeenda (ÃÂÃÂùþÃÂú çÃÂêÃÂÃÂú ÃÂÃÂþÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂæàêçú ÃÂéàóïÃÂÃÂÃÂïç)
(If we are cut from top to bottom, only then may we be called as a cane)
Note: The past tense of MarnÃÂ is MoyÃÂ (dead) and the past passive tense is MareejÃÂ (killed)
The agentive tense of verb in Punjabi is either shown in the standard manner by adding the words "ÃÂalÃÂ" or "laggeÃÂ".
For example, "He is to come" or "He is about to come" is spoken as Oh aavan aalÃÂ/laggeÃÂ ae.
In Jatki, another manner exists where the root verb is suffixated by adding -oo
Examples:
Tun kitthay jaaoo/vanjoo ain? (Where are you to go?)
Oh kay karoo ae? (What is he up to)
Ajj mein tuhÃÂnu hik ehjihi gall sunÃÂoo aan (Today I am about to tell you such a thing...)
Tuseen ohnu deoo o ke menu deoo o? (You are to give him or me?)
Ghaabarda kyon pya ain? Saanu vi miloo ae (Why are you worried? We too are to get it)
The dialects of Jatki Punjabi use Hin (ÃÂÃÂÃÂ) or No (ÃÂÃÂ) to signify the present plural tense. These are dialectal forms of "Han" (ÃÂÃÂÃÂ) and "Ne" (ÃÂÃÂ) respectively.
"Do janay hin/no" (ïàìÃÂàÃÂÃÂÃÂ/ÃÂÃÂ), meaning "There are two people".
The word "hin" may be attached with the verb colloquially.
"Oh menu dassdin" (çÃÂààÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂú ïóÃÂïÃÂÃÂ), meaning "They tell me".
"Bahoon vÃÂday keetin" (èÃÂÃÂÃÂú ÃÂùïàéÃÂÃÂêÃÂÃÂ)àmeaning "Made many promises"
The word Hen (ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂ) may also be used.
Words like Vall, Valla, Vatt (ÃÂêÃÂ) or Muá¹ (àÃÂÃÂ) and its variant pronunciation Muná¹ (àÃÂÃÂÃÂ) are used instead of the Standard Punjabi Phir (þþÃÂñ).
"Halàvatt ke/kya hoya/thiya?" (ÃÂÃÂç ÃÂêàéàÃÂÃÂÃÂçÃÂ), meaning "Alright, what happened then?".
"Tenu vatt vii aas praai rahi" (êÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂú ÃÂêàÃÂàâó þñçæàñÃÂÃÂ), meaning "Even then, you had hopes for some other", a lyric from "Changean Naseeban de Shah", by Talib Hussain Dard
Words like VajÃÂan (ÃÂÃÂìÃÂ), JÃÂwaá¹ and Vehna (ìçÃÂÃÂÃÂ) are both used.
"Kiddey vendÃÂ/jÃÂndàpyàain?" (éÃÂêþÃÂàÃÂÃÂÃÂïç/ìçÃÂïç þÃÂç çÃÂúÃÂ), meaning "Where are you going?"
For "what", Jatki either uses the common word Kii (éÃÂ) or the Western word Ke (éÃÂ) or Kya.
For "someone", Jatki may use either the standard Kisay (éÃÂóÃÂ) or another word that is Kahee'á¹ (éÃÂÃÂÃÂú)
Ba, Bai or Jo are used, as opposed to ke in Standard Punjabi. (èÃÂàèæÃÂàìÃÂ)
Mein tuhaanu dassaan bai (ke) aes ton changga mein pehla KaDDe nhi dditha
(Let me tell you that I have never seen one better than this)
KaDDe vi mein nahi aakhya jo (ke) tun menu kujh desein taahin mein tenu kujh desaan
(Never did I say that you must first give only then to receive from me)
Tusi'n inj keeta karo ba (ke) menu dass ditta karo
(You should do it as such that you should inform me)
Menu pata ae ba (ke) khoon rattaa ae, tey hetna rattaa ae jo (ke) teray hatthaan tey mehndi lagsi
(I know that blood is red, and it is so much that it will look like henna on your hands)
Similarly, Kyunjo (or Kyunjay) is used for Kyunke, and Taanjo (or Taanjay) is used for Taake.
In Jatki, many verbs exist to support the adjoining verb, giving the same meaning as de/dittaa/devay/devaan/denda/desi.
De chaa (ïàÃÂç), is the same as De de (ïàïÃÂ), meaning "Give it"
Rakkh chhaá¸ÂḠ(ñéþàÃÂþÃÂÃÂ), is the same as Rakkh de (ñéþàïÃÂ), meaning "Place it"
Chaa karay (ÃÂç éñÃÂ), is the same as Kar devay (éñ ïÃÂÃÂÃÂ), meaning "Someone do it"
Other examples:
Chaa keetaa (ÃÂç éÃÂêç), meaning "Done it"
Mukaa chhoryaa (àÃÂéç ÃÂþÃÂÃÂÃÂç), meaning "Finished it"
Pivaa chaa (þÃÂÃÂç ÃÂç), meaning "Get me (something) to drink"
Laah satto (ÃÂçàóùÃÂÃÂ), meaning "Remove it"
Bhann sattyaa (èþÃÂàóùÃÂÃÂç), meaning "Broke it"
Hun dass vi chhaá¸Âá¸Âo (ÃÂÃÂàïóàÃÂàÃÂþÃÂÃÂÃÂ), meaning "Now tell already"
Koi ghatt chhaá¸Âá¸Âay (éÃÂæàïþêàÃÂþÃÂÃÂÃÂ), meaning "Someone come and pour it"
Mein ohnu de chhaá¸Âá¸Âsaan (àÃÂú çÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂú ïàÃÂþÃÂÃÂóçú), meaning "I will give him"
Maar ghattsan (àçñ ïþêÃÂóÃÂ), meaning "Will come and beat"
In its past form VadÃÂ, it can either show continuous action (like pyÃÂ) or a state of being (like hoyÃÂ/thiya), depending on the main verb's form.
In the latter case, KhalÃÂ and KhlotÃÂ (both meaning "standing") may also be used.
Menu bhukkh laggi vadi/khali/pyi ae (I have hunger)
Menu bhukkh laggdi vadi/pyi ae (I am getting hungry)
Oh chendÃÂ vadÃÂ/pyÃÂ ae (He is picking it up)
Oh chaai vadÃÂ/khalÃÂ ae (He has it picked up)
UkkÃÂ moye vaday ÃÂen (We are completely dead)
Oh khÃÂdhi khalÃÂ hosi (He must have eaten)
Ohnu treh laggi vadi/khloti ae (He has thirst)
Mein kamm mukaai vadÃÂ/khalÃÂ/khlotÃÂ aa'n (I have finished the work)
Mein dhammi da progam keeti khalÃÂ/vadÃÂ/khlotÃÂ/pyÃÂ aa'n (I have decided it for morning)
Rujjhay vade o, naveÃÂn saangeÃÂn vich (You are busy in your new attachments, a lyric from "Tusi Changean Naseeban de Shah", a song by Talib Hussain Dard)
In other forms, the verb VattnÃÂ, (literally meaning "to wander") depicts a continuity in an action, and is synonymous with the word PhirnÃÂ.
Hyaati saari nassdyÃÂn vattnÃÂ/phirnÃÂ (Running for all life)
Oh tenu kay kujh ghalldÃÂ vattdÃÂ/phirdÃÂ ee? (What does he keep on sending you?)
Beyli ruá¹Âá¹Âhàvadàhove tey aseen jeende vateeye/phireeye? (The friend is unhappy and we are to keep on living?)
Mein injay tue'n magar laggya vattaa'n/phiraa'n? (I should stay after you for no reason?)
Jatki uses special personal pronouns such as Kãi'n (Kihne/Kis), and Jãi'n (Jihne/Jis).
Kãi aakhya? éÃÂÃÂú âéþÃÂçÃÂ, meaning "Says who?"
Jãi vii aakhya hove/thive ìÃÂÃÂú ÃÂàâéþÃÂç ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂ, meaning "Whomsoever might have said it"
Eh kãi'nda ghar ae? çÃÂÃÂàéÃÂÃÂÃÂïç ïþñ çÃÂÃÂ, meaning "Whose house is this?"
Kãi kãi janay eh aali kheyḠkheyá¸Âi ee?, éÃÂú éÃÂú ìÃÂÃÂàçÃÂÃÂàâÃÂàéþÃÂàéþÃÂÃÂàÃÂæÃÂàmeaning "Who has played this game?"
Jãi kahe'n vii karna hove/thive ìÃÂÃÂú éÃÂÃÂú ÃÂàéñÃÂç ÃÂÃÂÃÂàor Jis kise vii karna hove/thive ìÃÂó éÃÂóàÃÂàéñÃÂç ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂ, meaning "Whomsoever wants to do"
Jainda vii mann kareynda or Jai'n kahee'n da vii mann kareynda
Eh kay keetum (What have I done?)
Eh kay keeto-ee (What have you done?)
Eh kay keeta-nhay (What have you done? plural/respect)
Eh kay keeta-nay (What have they done?)
Eh kay keeto-say (What have we done?)
Eh kay keetus (What has he done?)
Kii naa'n-us? (What is his name?)
Nisay keeta (We did not do)
Nimoo keeta (I did not do)
Tenu aakhyam (I have told you)
Bhiraa nisay? (Are we not brothers?)
Jehri naveen film kaddhi nay, á¸Âiá¹Âá¹Âhi hayi? (The new film they released, have you seen it?)
Punjabi aapni dhi nu sikhaai koi nhoo'n? (You did not teach your daughter Punjabi?)
Bhalla hone (respectfully, "Thank you")
Bhalla hovi (Thank you)
Counting is generally the same, but with some notable deviations being:
The usage of the "v" sound in Jhangochi is far more present that other Punjabi dialects.
Jatki dialects have several words that differ from Standard Punjabi.
Commonly observed in the Lahnda dialects is the use of GhinNà(ïþÃÂÃÂÃÂç) and Aaá¹ÂNà(âÃÂÃÂç) instead of the Eastern Punjabi words Laiá¹Âà(ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂç) and LyÃÂá¹Âà(ÃÂÃÂçÃÂç).
Jhangochi and Shahpuri make use of the first set. The Dhani dialect however, seems to lean more towards the former.
In Jatki Punjabi, as well as in Saraiki, the irregular Punjabi past tense form of verbs is retained when used with the verb KarnÃÂ, a feature that is not present in Eastern dialects such as Majhi, or even in other Lahnda varieties such as Pothohari and Hindko.
The irregular past tense is generally the same throughout the Punjabi dialects (e.g. khÃÂdhÃÂ, peetÃÂ, nahÃÂtÃÂ, dhotÃÂ, moyÃÂ, latthÃÂ, khalotÃÂ, á¸Âaá¹Âá¹ÂhÃÂ, suttÃÂ, keetÃÂ, dittÃÂ, ghidÃÂ, seetÃÂ, baddhÃÂ).
Jatki does seem to have some additional ones as well, such as runnàfor royà(cried) á¸Âiá¹Âá¹Âhàfor vekhya (seen), and syÃÂtàfor syÃÂneà(recognized).
Examples:
This is also observed with the verbs "RakkhnÃÂ" and "JÃÂvnÃÂ/VanjnÃÂ". Examples:
Asëàohnà «Ã ditti rakhie? (çóÃÂÃÂú çÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂú ïÃÂêÃÂàñéþÃÂÃÂæÃÂÃÂ) instead of Asëàohnà «Ã dei rakhie? (çóÃÂÃÂú çÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂú ïæàñéþÃÂÃÂæÃÂÃÂ)
(meaning, "Shall we keep on giving him?")
and
Oh keeti jÃÂndàae (çÃÂàéÃÂÃÂêàìçÃÂïç çÃÂ) instead of Oh kari jÃÂndàae (çÃÂàéñàìçÃÂïç çÃÂ)
(meaning, "He keeps on doing")
Kalla maiiyon kamm keeti jaavan? instead of Kalla maiiyon kamm kari jaavan?
(meaning, "I alone am to keep on doing?)
This can be further observed with the verbs AanÃÂ (to come) and JÃÂnÃÂ/VanjnÃÂ (to go), when used in this manner:
Ohnu ohndey pesay taan ditti aa (çÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂú çÃÂÃÂÃÂïàþÃÂóàêçú ïÃÂêÃÂàâ), meaning "Give him his money and come back"
Pesay taan mere ditti vanj (þÃÂóàêçú àÃÂñàïÃÂêÃÂàÃÂÃÂì), meaning "Give my money as you go"
Pesay taan ditti veynda/jaanda (þÃÂóàêçú ïÃÂêÃÂàÃÂÃÂÃÂïç/ìçÃÂç), meaning "You could have at least given the money as you went"
Mein hikk kamm keeti aavaan (àÃÂú ÃÂÃÂéàéààÃÂàéÃÂêàâÃÂçú), meaning "I'll be back after one task"
Mein veyndean do trae moá¹Âian moá¹Âian gallaan bas keeti jaavan (àÃÂú ÃÂÃÂÃÂïÃÂçú ïàêñàïÃÂÃÂçú èó éÃÂêàìçÃÂçú), meaning "I'm just going to say a few things as I go"
Ajj kujh baahroon na khaadhi aaveeye? (çìàéÃÂìþ èçÃÂñÃÂÃÂú ÃÂàéþçïàâÃÂÃÂÃÂæÃÂÃÂ), meaning "Shouldn't we eat something from outside today?"
Aseen gall kareynde haaen, pehlon booha taan band keeti aa (çóÃÂÃÂú ïÃÂàéñÃÂÃÂïàÃÂçæÃÂúàþÃÂÃÂÃÂú èÃÂÃÂÃÂç êçú èÃÂï éÃÂêàâ), meaning "We will talk, first go close the door"
Booha band keeti jaaveen (èÃÂÃÂÃÂç èÃÂï éÃÂêàìçÃÂÃÂÃÂú), meaning "Close the door when you go"
Oh ditti aaya karay (çÃÂàïÃÂêÃÂàâÃÂç éñÃÂ), meaning "He can give (and come back)"
Oh ditti jaaya karay (çÃÂàïÃÂêÃÂàéñÃÂ), meaning "He can give give (while he is passing/leaving)"
Mein á¸Âiá¹Âá¹Âhi aavaan (àÃÂú ÃÂÃÂêþÃÂàâÃÂçú), meaning "I'll be back after a look"
Jaa nahaati aa (ìç ÃÂÃÂçêàâ), meaning "Go take a bath"
The words in bold would be "de", "kar", "khaa", "dekhya", and "nahaaya" in Standard Punjabi as well as in Urdu-Hindi translation.
With the verb Baiá¹ÂhnÃÂ:
"Hun taan mein keeti baitha aan" instead of "Hun taan mein karii baitha aan".
(meaning, "Now I have done it" [So now what?])
"Peeti baitha ae" instead of "Pee baitha ae"
(meaning, "He has drunk")