Jefferson Township is one of twelve townships in Dubois County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,543 and it contained 683 housing units.
Jefferson Township was created from land given by Hall Township.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 99.58%) is land and (or 0.42%) is water.
The township contains five cemeteries: Cox, Garland, Spencer, Taylor and Waddle.