Jefferson Township is a township in Chautauqua County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 568.
Jefferson Township covers an area of and contains one incorporated settlement, Cedar Vale. According to the USGS, it contains three cemeteries: Cedar Vale, Grant Creek and Round Mound.
The streams of Otter Creek, Shanghai Creek, Turkey Creek and Union Creek run through this township.
Jefferson Township contains one airport or landing strip, Mills Ranch Airport.