Japan competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. 162 competitors, 142 men and 20 women, took part in 96 events in 17 sports. As the country hosted the next Olympics in Tokyo, the Japanese flag was raised at the closing ceremony.
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Five male cyclists represented Japan in 1960.
Five fencers, all men, represented Japan in 1960.
Two male pentathletes represented Japan in 1960.
Japan had 14 male rowers participate in two out of seven rowing events in 1960.
Eight shooters represented Japan in 1960. Yoshihisa Yoshikawa won a bronze medal in the 50 metre pistol event.