Ján Ambruà ¡, OBE (19 May 1899 â 2 January 1994) was a Slovak aerobatics and fighter pilot. He flew with the French Air Force in the Battle of France and the Royal Air Force in the Battle of Britain. After the Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia he escaped and settled in the US, where he worked as a design engineer.
Ambruà ¡ was born on 9 May 1899 in Gorna Mitropolia (ÃÂþÃÂýð ÃÂøÃÂÃÂþÿþûøÃÂ) in the Plevenska Oblast of northern Bulgaria. His parents belonged to a Slovak community that was invited to settle in Bulgaria after its liberation from the Ottoman Empire in 1878.
In the First World War Ambruà ¡ studied at the Hungarian Ludovica Military Academy in Budapest. He graduated in 1919 after the founding of the First Czechoslovak Republic and was commissioned into the Czechoslovak Army as an officer.
In 1925 Ambruà ¡ transferred to the Czechoslovak Air Force. He became a successful pilot who won awards at aerobatic competitions, including at Vincennes in 1934, and at the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1938 he commanded the Czechoslovak Air Force Test Group in Prague and flew the Tatra T.101 on its record-breaking flight from Prague to Khartoum, Sudan.
In 1939 Ambruà ¡ was made a squadron commander in Prague. He escaped the German occupation of Czechoslovakia via Yugoslavia to France, where he worked for the Czechoslovak government-in-exile and then fought in the Battle of France. When France capitulated to Germany Ambruà ¡ was evacuated by ship from Bordeaux to Falmouth in England.
Ambruà ¡ was commissioned into the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve as a Pilot Officer. On 12 July 1940 he was posted No. 310 Squadron RAF at RAF Duxford in Cambridgeshire. He converted to the Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighter in August 1940 at No. 6 Operational Training Unit at RAF Sutton Bridge in Lincolnshire. He was then posted back to Duxford to the newly formed No. 312 (Czechoslovak) Squadron RAF, and on 10 September took command as Squadron Leader.
On 11 October Ambruà ¡ led a patrol of several Hurricane Mk I fighters that helped a flight from No. 611 Squadron RAF to shoot down a Luftwaffe of I/Kampfgruppe 606 between Prestatyn in Wales and Chester in England. The other 312 Squadron pilots who took part in the victory were Josef Jaà ¡ke, Josef Keprt, Frank Tyson and Alois Vaà ¡Ã¡tko.
Two days later Ambruà ¡ again led a flight of three Hurricane Mk I fighters on patrol. The other two pilots in the flight were Harry Comerford and Josef StehlÃÂk. Over the Irish Sea Ambruà ¡ mistakenly led the flight to attack two Bristol Blenheim Mk IF light bombers of No. 29 Squadron RAF. One Blenheim, L6637, code letters RO-S, crashed into the sea off Point of Ayre on the Isle of Man and not far from the Morecambe Bay light ship. All three of its were killed. The other Blenheim, L7135, code letters RO-S, survived with minor damage and returned safely to RAF Ternhill in Shropshire with its crew unharmed.
On 17 December as a result of the friendly fire incident Ambruà ¡ was relieved of his command of 312 Squadron. He was transferred to the Inspectorate-General of the Czechoslovak Air Force in London, where he worked until the end of 1941. In 1942 he was promoted to Wing Commander and posted to Canada, where he was Air Attaché at the Czechoslovak Embassy in Ottawa till the end of war.
After the war Ambruà ¡ returned to Czechoslovakia was made commander of the 4th Aviation military wing.
After the Communist 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état Ambruà ¡ escaped to the UK. He emigrated to the United States and settled in Chicago. He worked as a design engineer, planning for highways, airports, air-pollution control systems and chemical plants.
In 1985 Ambruà ¡ moved to the Bohemian Home for the Aged in Chicago. He died there on 2 January 1994. After his death his remains were taken to Slovakia and buried in the SláviÃÂie údolie cemetery in Bratislava.
Czechoslovakia, France, Britain and Romania all awarded medals to Ambruà ¡. His decorations include: