James Aitken may refer to:
- James Aitken (bishop) (1612/3âÂÂ1687), Scottish Episcopal bishop
- James Aitken (footballer) (1882âÂÂ1915), Australian rules footballer
- James Aitken (priest) (1829âÂÂ1908), Church of England priest and multi-sports player
- James Alfred Aitken (1846âÂÂ1897), Scottish painter
- James Macrae Aitken (1908âÂÂ1983), Scottish chess player
- James Smith Aitken (1881âÂÂ1964), politician in Saskatchewan, Canada
- Jim Aitken (born 1947), British businessman and former Scotland international rugby union player
- Jimmy Aitken (1872âÂÂ1944), former Australian rules footballer
- John the Painter (1752âÂÂ1777), also known as James Aitken, Scot who committed acts of terror in British naval dockyards in 1776âÂÂ77