The Mughal Emperors who ruled South Asia from 1526 to 1857 used titles in the Arabic, Persian and Chagatai languages. Sons of the emperors usually used the titles Shahzada and Mirza. The emperors used various titles such as Sultan, Shahanshah, Khan, Badshah, Ghazi, and various others.
Prince Shah Khurram, later Emperor Shah Jahan, had the full title
ShÃÂhenshÃÂh as-Sulá¹ÂÃÂn al-âÂÂAâÂÂáºÂam wal-KhÃÂqÃÂn al-Mukarram, MÃÂlik as-Sulá¹ÂÃÂnÃÂt, âÂÂalá Ḥaá¸ÂrÃÂt âÂÂAbà « l-MuáºÂaffar ShihÃÂb ad-Dën Muḥammad ShÃÂh JahÃÂn, á¹¢ÃÂhib-i QirÃÂn-i ThÃÂnë, BÃÂdshÃÂh GhÃÂzë áºÂillallah, Firdaws ÃÂshiyÃÂnÃÂ, ShÃÂhenshÃÂh Sulá¹ÂÃÂnÃÂt al-Hindiyyah wal-Mughaliyya
Persianized Arabic titles for the following: 1) âÂÂÃÂlam-PanÃÂh () 'Protector of the Universe' 2) JahÃÂn PanÃÂh () 'Protector of the Universe'
Al-Sultan al-Azam (As-Sultwaanu-âÂÂl-âÂÂAâÂÂazwam or (translit.) As-Sulá¹ÂÃÂnu âÂÂl-âÂÂAâÂÂaáºÂam (<big>çÃÂóÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂ÷ÃÂçÃÂàñÃÂÃÂãÃÂùÃÂøÃÂàÃÂ</big>) is a Persianized Arabic imperial title meaning from the Arabic: "The Great or Most Mighty of Authority/ Sovereign/ Dominion". "Al - ãÃÂÃÂ" is an Arabic definite article meaning 'the', while Sultan (óÃÂÃÂÃÂ÷ÃÂçÃÂ) is a Persianized Arabic title (literally meaning Authority/ Sovereign/ Dominion) for autonomous rulers since the Abbasid era of Islamic history, while Azam (ãÃÂùÃÂøÃÂà), another Arabic word, means "Great or Most Mighty". The title was used by the early rulers of the Mughal Empire such as Babur, Humayun, Jahangir and Shah Jahan. The sixth emperor Aurangzeb is also reported to have held the title al-Sultan al-Azam.
Badshah-e-Ghazi/Baadshaah-e Ghaazi or (translit.) BÃÂdshÃÂhe-GhÃÂzë', literary meaning of the Perso-Arabic imperial title: "Warrior Emperor". Badshah (<big>èçïÃÂôÃÂçÃÂ</big>) is a Persian title meaning "Emperor/Monarch/Ruler". Meaning the one who Conquered the Kafirs The Infidel non-Muslims. often translated as Emperor, while Ghazi (úÃÂçòÃÂÃÂ) meant in Arabic "conqueror" or an Islamic warrior.
This imperial title means "The Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction (<big>õÃÂçÃÂÃÂèàÃÂÃÂñÃÂçÃÂ</big>)" in Persianized Arabic and refers to a ruler whose horoscope features a particular conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, portending a reign of world-conquest and justice.
Formerly adopted from the Arabic, meaning "Companion/ Associate of (the) Conjunction [literary: apparent proximity of two heavenly bodies]" - explained in the next paragraph, whereas the Arabic words: '<nowiki/>á¹£ÃÂḥib<nowiki/>'<nowiki/> - <big>õÃÂçÃÂÃÂèÃÂ</big>' meaning "companion/ associate" and '<nowiki/>qirÃÂn - <big>ÃÂÃÂñÃÂçÃÂ</big>' meaning "conjunction of two heavenly bodies" is the plural of <nowiki/>'qarn - <big>ÃÂÃÂñÃÂÃÂ</big>' (literary meaning: 'junction - a point at which two or more things are joined').
The title has a long and varied history among Islamo-Persianate rulers, beginning with the Mongols and Mamluks and further developed under the Timurids. The Mughal emperors Shah Jahan and Akbar Shah II called themselves "Sahib-e Qiran-i Sani - (Arabic: á¹¢ÃÂḥibi QirÃÂni ThÃÂnë/ Ath-ThÃÂnë - õÃÂçÃÂÃÂèàÃÂÃÂñÃÂçÃÂàëÃÂçÃÂÃÂÃÂ\ <big>ñ</big>ÃÂÃÂëÃÂçÃÂÃÂÃÂ)", which means "The Second Lord of Auspicious Conjunction", where "sani" is the adopted Arabic word for the cardinal "(the) second/ next" ["thÃÂnë" - <big>ëÃÂçÃÂÃÂÃÂ</big>]. The first Lord of Conjunction in this formulation is assumed to have been Alexander the Great, but it simultaneously references the progenitor of the Mughals, Timur, who was most famously described as the Sahib-e Qiran by Ibn Khaldun. Timur did not use this title himself, but the court historians of his successors routinely applied this title to him and his successors.
The royal title Shahenshah (ôçÃÂÃÂôçÃÂ) is a Persian word meaning the "Emperor" or "King of Kings".
Al-Mukarram (<big>ñÃÂÃÂàÃÂÃÂÃÂñÃÂÃÂàÃÂ</big>) meaning the Arabic title: "Honorable or Generous". Mukarram (àÃÂéÃÂñÃÂÃÂà) means '<nowiki/>possessor of the honorable or generous<nowiki/>' or the honorable or the generous<nowiki/>', in Urdu adopted from Arabic. The title al-Mukarram reportedly appeared on Aurangzeb's full imperial title. Sometimes, the word al-Khaqan became a prefix for al-Mukarram in the form al-Khaqan al-Mukarram/Al-Khaaqaan Al-Mukarram or (translit.) Al-KhÃÂqÃÂnu âÂÂl-Mukarram (ãÃÂÃÂÃÂîÃÂçÃÂÃÂçÃÂà<big>ñÃÂÃÂàÃÂÃÂÃÂñÃÂÃÂàÃÂ</big>). Khaqan or Khagan (îÃÂçÃÂÃÂçÃÂ) adopted from the Mongol ancestral roots of "khan (îÃÂçÃÂ)" meaning "leader" or "prince" - "descended" was an imperial Perso-Turkic Mongol title, used by the Mughal Emperors to show descent from the Khans.
áºÂilluâÂÂllah or (translit.) ZwilluâÂÂllah (<big>øÃÂÃÂÃÂàñÃÂÃÂÃÂ</big>) is an Arabic word-phrase meaning the Shadow or Shade of God (Allah - çÃÂÃÂÃÂ), literally "the Refuge of Allah".
Shahenshah-e-Sultanat Al-Hindiyyah or (translit.) ShÃÂhenshÃÂhe-Sulá¹ÂÃÂnÃÂtu âÂÂl-Hindiyyah <big>ôÃÂçÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂôÃÂçÃÂàóÃÂÃÂÃÂ÷ÃÂÃÂÃÂçêàñÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂïÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂàÃÂÃÂñÃÂÃÂàÃÂúÃÂçÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂ</big>) is a Persianized Arabic imperial title meaning: "Emperor of the Sultanate of India". The title Sipahsalar was usually given to high-ranked Mughal generals.
Firdaus Ashiyani/ Firdaws Aashiyaneh or Firdaws ÃÂshiyÃÂnà(<big>ÃÂÃÂñÃÂïÃÂÃÂó âôÃÂÃÂÃÂçÃÂÃÂÃÂ</big>) is a Persianized Arabic imperial title meaning: "Domain of Paradise". "Firdaus â <big>ÃÂÃÂñÃÂïÃÂÃÂó</big>" for another word for "heaven" in Arabic, where the adopted English word form is "paradise" and the Persian "Ashiyaneh â <big>âôÃÂÃÂÃÂçÃÂÃÂÃÂ</big>" meaning "nest" or "domain". It was used for deceased emperors.