Hylastes is a genus of crenulate bark beetles in the family Curculionidae.
Ecology
Hylastes is one of the most common genus of bark beetle observed in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). Members of this genus are potentially vectors (primarily Hylastes nigrinus) for fungal species of the genus Leptographium (L. terebrantis and L. serpens). They allow for these fungi to spread into the roots of the loblolly pine trees causing high rates of mortality. This is currently considered an emerging forest health issue in the southeastern region of the United States.
Evolutionary history
There have been fossilized evidence of bark beetles originateing during the early Cretaceous period. Hylastes perkovskyi is an extinct species that was found in Rovno amber. This discovery of this species suggest that Hylastes evolved during the Eocene epoch.
Species
There are currently more than 90 species that belong to the genus Hylastes:
- Hylastes alni <small>Niisima, 1909</small>
- Hylastes alternans <small>Chapuis, 1869</small>
- Hylastes ambiguus <small>Blandford, 1894c</small>
- Hylastes americanus <small>Wickham & H.F., 1913</small>
- Hylastes anatolicus <small>Pfeffer (KnÃÂzek & Pfeffer in), 1994c</small>
- Hylastes angustatus <small>(Herbst & J.F.W., 1793)</small>
- Hylastes angusticollis <small>Eggers, 1929c</small>
- Hylastes asper <small>Swaine & J.M., 1917</small>
- Hylastes asperatus <small>Wood, 1975</small>
- Hylastes ater <small>Erichson, 1836</small>
- Hylastes aterites <small>Schedl, 1947</small>
- Hylastes aterrimus <small>Eggers</small>
- Hylastes attenuatus <small>Erichson, 1836</small>
- Hylastes batnensis <small>Brisout & C., 1883</small>
- Hylastes bonvouloiri <small>Chapuis, 1869</small>
- Hylastes brunneus <small>Erichson, 1836</small>
- Hylastes canadensis <small>Blackman, 1941</small>
- Hylastes carbonarius <small>Fitch, 1858</small>
- Hylastes clavus <small>Wollaston, 1854</small>
- Hylastes contractus <small>Chapuis, 1869</small>
- Hylastes corticiperda <small>Erichson, 1836</small>
- Hylastes cristatus <small>Mannerheim, 1853</small>
- Hylastes criticus <small>Eichhoff, 1868c</small>
- Hylastes cunicularius <small>Erichson, 1836</small>
- Hylastes exilis <small>Chapuis, 1869</small>
- Hylastes fallax <small>Wichmann & H.E., 1911a</small>
- Hylastes flavicornis <small>Lindberg & Har., 1950</small>
- Hylastes flohri <small>Wood, 1966b</small>
- Hylastes fulgidus <small>Blackman, 1941</small>
- Hylastes gergeri <small>Eggers, 1911a</small>
- Hylastes gracilis <small>LeConte, 1868</small>
- Hylastes granosus <small>Chapuis, 1869</small>
- Hylastes granulatus <small>LeConte, 1868</small>
- Hylastes graphus <small>Letzner (Duftschmidt in), 1891</small>
- Hylastes himalabietis <small>Beeson, 1961</small>
- Hylastes himalayensis <small>Stebbing & E.P., 1909</small>
- Hylastes humilis <small>Blanchard, 1851</small>
- Hylastes imitator <small>Reitter, 1900</small>
- Hylastes incomptus <small>Blandford, 1897a</small>
- Hylastes interstitialis <small>Chapuis, 1875</small>
- Hylastes lifuanus <small>Fauvel, 1872</small>
- Hylastes linearis <small>Erichson, 1836</small>
- Hylastes longicollis <small>Swaine, 1918</small>
- Hylastes longifoliae <small>Stebbing & E.P., 1908b</small>
- Hylastes longipennis <small>Blandford</small>
- Hylastes longipilus <small>Reitter, 1894a</small>
- Hylastes longus <small>Leconte, 1876</small>
- Hylastes lowei <small>Paiva, 1861b</small>
- Hylastes macer <small>LeConte, 1868</small> (root-feeding bark beetle)
- Hylastes mexicanus <small>Wood, 1967</small>
- Hylastes minutus <small>Blackman, 1941</small>
- Hylastes niger <small>Wood, 1974a</small>
- Hylastes nigrinus <small>LeConte, 1868</small> (Douglas fir root bark beetle)
- Hylastes nitidus <small>Swaine & J.M., 1917</small>
- Hylastes obscurus <small>Chapuis, 1875</small>
- Hylastes opacus <small>Erichson, 1836</small>
- Hylastes parallelus <small>Chapuis, 1875</small>
- Hylastes parvus <small>Blackman, 1941</small>
- Hylastes peregrinus <small>Chapuis, 1869</small>
- â Hylastes perkovskyi
- Hylastes piceae <small>Pfeffer, 1944b</small>
- Hylastes pinicola <small>Bedel, 1888b</small>
- Hylastes planirostris <small>Chapuis, 1869</small>
- Hylastes plumbeus <small>Blandford, 1894d</small>
- Hylastes porculus <small>Erichson, 1836</small>
- Hylastes porosus <small>LeConte, 1868</small>
- Hylastes pumilus <small>Mannerheim, 1843</small>
- Hylastes pupillatus <small>Hansen, V. (Eggers in), 1955</small>
- Hylastes pusillus <small>Blackman, 1941</small>
- Hylastes retifer <small>Wood, 1982a</small>
- Hylastes rotundicollis <small>Reitter, 1894a</small>
- Hylastes ruber <small>Swaine, 1915</small>
- Hylastes rufipes <small>Eichhoff, 1868c</small>
- Hylastes salebrosus <small>Eichhoff, 1868</small>
- Hylastes scaber <small>Swaine & J.M., 1917</small>
- Hylastes scabripennis <small>Zimmermann, 1868</small>
- Hylastes scandinavieus <small>Lekander, 1965b</small>
- Hylastes scobinosus <small>Eichhoff, 1868c</small>
- Hylastes septentrionalis <small>Eggers, 1923b</small>
- Hylastes simplex <small>Rey, 1892b</small>
- Hylastes subalpinus <small>Eggers, 1940h</small>
- Hylastes subopacus <small>Blackman, 1941</small>
- Hylastes substriatus <small>Strohmeyer & H</small>
- Hylastes suspectus <small>Bright, 1972d</small>
- Hylastes swainei <small>Eggers, 1934b</small>
- Hylastes techangensis <small>Tsai & Huang, 1964a</small>
- Hylastes tenuis <small>Eichhoff, 1868</small>
- Hylastes variegatus <small>Blandford, 1897a</small>
- Hylastes variolosus <small>Perris, 1852</small>
- Hylastes vastans <small>Chapuis, 1869</small>
- Hylastes webbi <small>Blackman, 1941</small>
- Hylastes yukonis <small>Fall, 1926</small>
References
Further reading
External links