is a classical Japanese anthology of one hundred Japanese waka by one hundred poets. Hyakunin Isshu can be translated to "one hundred people, one poem [each]"; it can also refer to the card game of uta-garuta, which uses a deck composed of cards based on the Hyakunin Isshu.
The most famous and standard version was compiled by Fujiwara no Teika (1162âÂÂ1241) while he lived in the Ogura district of Kyoto. It is therefore also known as .
One of Teika's diaries, the Meigetsuki, says that his son Tameie asked him to arrange one hundred poems for Tameie's father-in-law, Utsunomiya Yoritsuna, who was furnishing a residence near Mount Ogura; hence the full name of Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. In order to decorate screens of the residence, Fujiwara no Teika produced the calligraphy poem sheets.
Hishikawa Moronobu (1618âÂÂ1694) provided woodblock portraits for each of the poets included in the anthology. Katsukawa Shunshà  (1726âÂÂ1793) designed prints for a full-color edition published in 1775.
In his own lifetime, Teika was better known for other work. For example, in 1200 (Shà Âji 2), he prepared another anthology of one hundred poems for ex-Emperor Go-Toba, called the Shà Âji Hyakushu.
A poem by Emperor Tenji about the hardships of farmers. Teika chose this poem from the Gosen Wakashà «:
A visually-descriptive poem attributed to Empress Jità Â. Teika chose this poem from the Shin Kokin Wakashà «:
The original was likely based from a poem of the Man'yà Âshà « (book 1, poem 28) by the same poet.
A quite different poem is attributed to Sadaijin Fujiwara no Tadahira in the context of a very specific incident. After abdicating, former Emperor Uda visited Mount Ogura in Yamashiro Province. He was so greatly impressed by the beauty of autumn colours of the maples that he ordered Fujiwara no Tadahira to encourage Uda's son and heir, Emperor Daigo, to visit the same area.
was Tadahira's posthumous name, and this is the name used in William Porter's translation of the poem which observes that "[t]he maples of Mount Ogura / If they could understand / Would keep their brilliant leaves / until [t]he Ruler of this land / Pass with his Royal band." The accompanying 18th century illustration shows a person of consequence riding an ox in a procession with attendants on foot. The group is passing through an area of maple leaves.
Teika chose this poem from the Shà «i Wakashà « for the hundred poems collection:
A poem by Saigyà  about the pain of love. This poem was chosen from the Senzai Wakashà «:
The Ogura Hyakunin Isshu has been translated into many languages and into English many times.
English translations include:
Many other anthologies compiled along the same criteriaâÂÂone hundred poems by one hundred poetsâÂÂinclude the words hyakunin isshu, notably the World War II-era , or One Hundred Patriotic Poems by One Hundred Poets. Also important is , a series of parodies of the original Ogura collection.
Teika's anthology is the basis for the card game of karuta, which has been popular since the Edo period.
Many forms of playing games with Hyakunin Isshu exist in Japan, such as Uta-garuta, the basis for competitive karuta (kyà Âgi karuta).