The Hwasal-1 () is a North Korean land-attack cruise missile. The first long-range cruise missile of North Korea, Hwasal-1 made its public debut in September 2021 with a flight test. A nuclear-capable missile, it can evade missile defenses by using low and complex trajectories while flying at a subsonic speed. North Korea has called Hwasal-1 as a "strategic" cruise missile.
The missile also has a larger warhead version, called Hwasal-1 Ra-3, first tested in 2024.
Hwasal-1's normal range is about , but can be extended to . It uses inertial guidance system (INS) combined with TERCOM, which can be updated via satellite. With this guidance system, the missile can use low and complex trajectories, enabling Hwasal-1 to evade detection and interception.
Based on information from maiden flight in September 2021, Hwasal-1 appears to be a subsonic cruise missile.
According to North Korea, it is a "strategic" cruise missile. Hwasal-1 is capable of carrying the Hwasan-31 tactical nuclear warhead. Hwasal-1 also have variants that can be armed with a conventional warhead.
Hwasal-1 was first launched in September 2021.
Further flight tests of Hwasal-1 were carried out in 2022 and 2023. However, the official name of the missile was only revealed in March 2023 test.
The Hwasal-1 Ra-3 () is a variant of Hwasal-1 with larger warhead. It may have a silghtly longer length than the original missile, and the warhead is likely to be conventional.
On 19 April 2024, Hwasal-1 Ra-3 made its public debut as a Hwasal-1 Ra-3 was test-fired to test super-large warhead. The test was reported to be likely conducted from Onchon Air Base.
It is possible that a Hwasal-1 Ra-3 was tested on 2 February 2024, before its official public debut.
In December 2025, there were some open-source reports that Russia might use Hwasal-1 Ra-3 in its invasion of Ukraine. These missiles can be armed with a warhead and hit the target away.