Hðng Yên () is a province in the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam.
It is located in the heart of the delta region, bordering HàNá»Âi to the west and northwest, Bắc Ninh and Hải Dðáng to the north and east, and Thái Bình and HàNam to the south.
The area of the province of Hðng Yên has been inhabited for millennia. Under the Ngô dynasty, it was called Dang Chau. It was then renamed Thái Bình prefecture under the Early Lê dynasty, Dang Chau and Khoái Châu phủ under the Lý dynasty and Long Hðng garrison and Khoái lo under the Trần Dynasty. Under the Later Lê dynasty, Hðng Yên belonged to Sán Nam and then divided into Sán Nam Thðợng and Sán Nam Hạ garrisons.
The Nguyá» n dynasty implemented administrative reforms in 1831 to dismantle the trấn administrative units and establish provinces. Five districts of ÃÂông Yên, Kim ÃÂá»Âng, Thiên Thi, Phù Cừ and Tiên Lữ were separated from Khoái Châu phủ of Sán Nam Thðợng trấn and three districts of Thần Khê, Hðng Nhân and Duyên Hàwere separated from Tiên Hðng phủ of Nam ÃÂá»Ânh trấn of lower Sán Nam town to establish Hðng Yên Province. The initial centre of the province was located in An Vu and Luong Dien communes and then moved to Nhi Tan of XÃÂch ÃÂằng commune (now Hðng Yên city).
This area has favourable transport conditions with communes and markets lying side by side, enabling trading activities to be busier and busier. The Chronicle of Hðng Yên Province stated: "The streets are very busy and bustle, crowded with vehicles; the old images of Phá» Hiến in Sán Nam can be seen now in this land".
The name Hðng Yên officially appeared in the directory of the country in 1831. For that reason, prior to the French occupation of Vietnam, Hðng Yên was a province located on both sides of the Luá»Âc River. Since its establishment, the province's territory has changed many times.
On March 27, 1833, French troops led by Captain Henri Rivière moved along the Red River from Hanoi and defeated Nam ÃÂá»Ânh citadel. He then demanded Sub lieutenant Edgard de Trentinian to lead a unit of troops to attack Hðng Yên citadel. After occupying Hðng Yên, they made many efforts to strengthen their puppet government and establish various troop stations on one hand, while speeding up the measuring and mapping work for deep involvement into communes and hamlets. However, they met many difficulties, confronting resistance by the Bãi SáºÂy uprising.
In 1890, the French set up the Bãi SáºÂy area consisting of Yên Mỹ, Yen Hao, VÃÂn Lâm and Cam Luong districts for the purpose of easier suppression of revolts. After the failure of the Bãi SáºÂy rebellion, they merged Van Lam, Yên Mỹ and Yen Hao districts into Hðng Yên province and returned Cam Luong district (now Cẩm Giàng) to Hải Dðáng province.
Also in 1890, the French split Thần Khê district from Tiên Hðng phủ of Hðng Yên province and Thái Bình phủ and Kiến Xðáng phủ from Nam ÃÂá»Ânh province and set up a new province called Thái Bình. Afterwards, they went on to cut Hðng Nhân and Duyen Ha districts and transferred Tiên Lữ district (formerly belonging to Tiên Hðng) to merge into Khoái Châu phủ. Ever since, the Luá»Âc River has served as the natural border between Hðng Yên and Thái Bình. This period lasted from French colonization to the August Revolution in 1945.
During the peak of the independent advocacy movement for Vietnamese people, while Hải Dðáng and Hải Phòng were considered as the bases of Vietnam Nationalist Party and Daiviet Nationalist Party, Hðng Yên was like the area of Viá»Ât Minh forces. Communists have continued to take advantage of the low humid terrain of Mỹ Hào district to operate secretly.
During the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Bần Yên Nhân township (thá» trấn Bần Yên Nhân) and its surrounding areas were almost placed in a curfew situation because of motor vehicle ambushes by Viá»Ât Minh guerrilla groups, when the Indochina War broke out. The accident became particularly serious in 1951, when guerrillas strengthened sabotage activities to respond to the s. The CEFEO had to mobilize several airborne and tanks to deal with the hope of being able to keep the security for Hanoi.
After war, when peace was restored in the North, district-level administrative units remained unchanged, except the changes in the administrative names of some wards and communes.
On January 26, 1968, the Standing Committee of the Vietnam National Assembly approved a resolution on the unification of Hải Dðáng and Hðng Yên into Hải Hðng province. After that, on March 11, 1977, VÃÂn Giang and Yên Mỹ districts were unified into VÃÂn Yên district; Tiên Lữ and Phù Cừ districts were unified into Phù Tiên district; VÃÂn Lâm and Mỹ Hào districts were unified into VÃÂn Mỹ.
On February 24, 1979, Kim ÃÂá»Âng and ÃÂn Thi districts were unified into Kim Thi district. VÃÂn Yên and VÃÂn Mỹ districts were unified into Mỹ VÃÂn; Khoái Châu district and a part of VÃÂn Giang district were unified into Châu Giang district.
On November 6, 1996, the National Assembly approved the division of Hải Hðng into Hải Dðáng and Hðng Yên. After that, the unified districts were split as the former administrative units.
On June 12, 2025, the National Assembly passed Resolution No. 202/2025/QH15, which took effect the same day, merging Thái Bình Province into Hðng Yên Province.
Hðng Yên now has a total of 104 communes and wards.
Hðng Yên province covers an area of , comprising one city, eight rural districts, and one district-leveled town, it had a population of 1,290,850 in 2022 with 250,000 people in urban areas and 1,040,850 people in rural areas. The province is a settlement along the banks of the Red River, bordered by 5 provinces and municipalities (Bắc Ninh province, Hải Dðáng province, HàNá»Âi, Thái Bình province, HàNam province).
The population of Hðng Yên is fully registered as Kinh people.
The natural population growth rate is 1% per year. Hðng Yên has 57,000 young and highly educated people of working age, representing 51% of the provincial population. The number of workers having attended training courses accounts for 25% of the population, mainly graduates from universities, colleges and high schools; and technical workers.
From 2024, the province is subdivided into 10 district-level sub-divisions, which are further subdivided into 161 commune-level sub-divisions.
Hðng Yên province is located in the Northern region of Vietnam, situated in the Red River Delta. The terrain is relatively flat, consisting of low hills interspersed with plain.
The eastern gateway to Hanoi, Hðng Yên, has 23 km of the 5A National Highway and over 20 km of the HanoiâÂÂHaiphong railway route. In addition, the national highways 39A and 38, which are prolonged from the National Highway 5, passes by Hðng Yên city, running to the National Highway 1A through Yên Lá»Ânh Bridge and to the National Highway 10 through Triá»Âu Dðáng Bridge. This is an important transportation axis linking southwestern provinces in the Northern Delta (HàNam, Ninh Bình, Nam ÃÂá»Ânh and Thanh Hóa) with Hải Dðáng, Haiphong and Quảng Ninh provinces.
Hðng Yên is close to Haiphong and Cái Lân seaports and Noi Bai International Airport. It has borders with Hanoi and the provinces of Bắc Ninh, HàTây, HàNam, Thái Bình and Hải Dðáng.
Hðng Yên has the features of a delta province : Flat topography without hills and mountains. There are 61,037 hectares of agricultural land, of which 55,645 hectares (91%) are for yearly cultivation and the remainder are for cultivation of perennial plants, fish farming, specialized cultivation and other purposes. The area of unused natural land is about 7,471 hectares, which are all available for agricultural production and development.
Hðng Yên has a plentiful fresh water source because it is surrounded by the Há»Âng River and Luá»Âc River. Its underground water source is also bountiful with a huge reserve. In the area along the 5A National Highway, from Nhð Quỳnh to Quán Gá»Âi, there lie mammoth underground water mines with a reserve of millions of cubic metres, which not only can supply water for industrial development and urban daily consumption but also can supply a big water volume for neighbouring localities.
Hðng Yên's lignite source, which is a part of the brown basin in the Red River Delta and has a 30-billion-tonne reserve, has not been exploited yet. However, there is big potential to develop the mining industry, meeting the energy demand in the domestic market and exports.
It is similar with other provinces in the Red River Delta, Hðng Yên is affected by the hot and damp tropical monsoon climate. Every year, there are two separate hot and cold seasons in the province. The sun shines on average 1,519 hours per year and the average number of sunny days per month is 24. The average temperature is 23.2 ðC in the summer and 16 ðC in the winter.
The average rainfall is between and and the rainfall from May to October accounts for up to 70% of the year's total. The average humidity in the air is 86%; the highest level of humidity is 92% while the lowest level is 79%. <div class="center">
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There are many ancient historical and cultural relics in the area of Hðng Yên province, some of which are related to the learning tradition of the Vietnamese people.
The PVF People-Police Football Club (PVF-PP FC) based at PVF Youth Football Training Center in VÃÂn Giang district. Its predecessor is Phá» Hiến FC. Currently, this club is competing in V.League 1.
Due to the special characteristics of an area that receives great alluvial deposits from the Red River, Hðng Yên province is known as the "king of fruits" or "the gift of heaven" because of its richness in fruit harvesting and processing.
After the COVID-19 pandemic passed, the province promoted an economic stimulus program with the ambition of becoming an elite green industrial zone (vùng công nghiá»Âp xanh) in the Red River Delta.
In 2024, representatives of The Trump Organization signed a co-operation and investment document worth 1,5 billion USD in the real estate sector in Hðng Yên province with the Kinh-Bac City Development Holding Corporation (Tá»Âng công ty Phát triá»Ân ÃÂô thá» Kinh Bắc, KBC). This event caused a stir in the Vietnamese business community for a long time.