Hưng Yên

HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn () is a former city located in the Red River Delta of the Northern Vietnam. It was the capital of HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn Province and is a third-graded city according to Vietnam's urban classification table.

HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn ceased to exist as a municipal city on 1 July 2025, following the elimination of district level units in Vietnam.

History

HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn city was originally the expansion of PhÃ¡Â»Â HiÃ¡ÂºÂ¿n (HiÃ¡ÂºÂ¿n Street), a river port that appeared earliest in the 16th century.

PhÃ¡Â»Â HiÃ¡ÂºÂ¿n has a position as a place where SÃÂ¡n Nam garrison's government was located. However, its area was relatively small. It only consists of a public authority, XÃÂch ÃÂÃ¡ÂºÂ±ng Literary Temple and a few markets. During several centuries, this location was an important gateway of the commercial platform in ÃÂÃÂ´ng Kinh.

It was not until the French set a protective regime that PhÃ¡Â»Â HiÃ¡ÂºÂ¿n was expanded to HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn town (thÃ¡Â»Â xÃÂ£ HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn).

Geography

Topography

According to the 2021 statistical yearbook of the whole HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn province, HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn city covers an area of 73.89 km<sup>2</sup>.

HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn is a delta municipality. The entire area of HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn city is almost flat, which tends to be sunken from the Northeast to the Southwest. It is located in the farthest position to the South of HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn province, where adjacent to the Red River, about 60 km away from Hanoi. Besides, HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn owns two sediment isles near the territory of Hanoi, where includes communes PhÃÂº CÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Âng and HÃÂ¹ng CÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Âng.

HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn borders Kim ÃÂÃ¡Â»Âng district to the North and TiÃÂªn LÃ¡Â»Â¯ district to the East. The Red River is the natural boundary between HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn and HÃÂ Nam province's LÃÂ½ NhÃÂ¢n district and Duy TiÃÂªn district. National Route 38 and YÃÂªn LÃ¡Â»Ânh bridge connect the city to National Route 1st across the Red River.

Demography

As of 2021 HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn city had a population of 118,646. In particular, all people are registered as Kinh.

Administrative divisions

HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn city was divided into 6 wards: An TÃ¡ÂºÂ£o, HiÃ¡ÂºÂ¿n Nam, HÃ¡Â»Âng ChÃÂ¢u, Lam SÃÂ¡n, LÃÂª LÃ¡Â»Â£i, Minh Khai and 9 communes: BÃ¡ÂºÂ£o KhÃÂª, HoÃÂ ng Hanh, HÃÂ¹ng CÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Âng, LiÃÂªn PhÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng, PhÃÂº CÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Âng, PhÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Nam, QuÃ¡ÂºÂ£ng ChÃÂ¢u, TÃÂ¢n HÃÂ°ng, Trung NghÃÂ©a.

Culture

In terms of beliefs and history, the area of PhÃ¡Â»Â HiÃ¡ÂºÂ¿n is considered one of the "cradles" of the Catholic Church in Vietnam.

According to the historical document of the Roman Catholic Church and some records of Annamese officials, Bishop Pierre Lambert de la Motte had summoned the first ÃÂÃÂ ng-ngoÃÂ y Council (CÃÂ´ng-ÃÂÃ¡Â»Âng ÃÂÃÂ ng-ngoÃÂ y) here in 1670, and that event was considered as the beginning of the Christian history in the whole HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn province. Therefore, since December 23, 1673, HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn city has been considered a traditional address to have the regular meetings of Dinh-HiÃ¡ÂºÂ¿n Council (CÃÂ´ng-ÃÂÃ¡Â»Âng Dinh-HiÃ¡ÂºÂ¿n), under order Apostolatus Officium by Pope Clement X.

Currently, the territory of HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn city is part to ÃÂÃÂ´ng HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn Deanery, belonged to ThÃÂ¡i BÃÂ¬nh Cathedral Diocese.

Tourism

The city is well-known in the world (especially among historians) for PhÃ¡Â»Â HiÃ¡ÂºÂ¿n (an ancient port-city located in the area). There are still a lot of ancient Asian church, temples, pagodas and other religious buildings here.

NhÃÂ£n lÃ¡Â»Âng (fruit of dragon eye) is one of HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn's specialties.

Climate

Notes and references

George Coedes. The Making of South East Asia, 2nd ed. University of California Press, 1983.
TrÃ¡ÂºÂ§n NgÃ¡Â»Âc ThÃÂªm. CÃÂ¡ sÃ¡Â»Â vÃÂn hÃÂ³a ViÃ¡Â»Ât Nam (The Foundation of Vietnamese Culture), 504 pages. Publishing by NhÃÂ xuÃ¡ÂºÂ¥t bÃ¡ÂºÂ£n ÃÂÃ¡ÂºÂ¡i hÃ¡Â»Âc TÃ¡Â»Âng hÃ¡Â»Â£p TPHCM. Saigon, Vietnam, 1995.
Li Tana (2011). Jiaozhi (Giao ChÃ¡Â»Â) in the Han period Tongking Gulf. In Cooke, Nola; Li Tana; Anderson, James A. (eds.). The Tongking Gulf Through History. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 39Ã¢ÂÂ44. ISBN 9780812205022.
Li Tana, Towards an environmental history of the eastern Red River Delta, Vietnam, c.900Ã¢ÂÂ1400, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014.
Samuel Baron, Christoforo Borri, Olga Dror, Keith W. Taylor (2018). Views of Seventeenth-Century Vietnam : Christoforo Borri on Cochinchina and Samuel Baron on Tonkin. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-501-72090-1.
NghÃ¡Â»Â quyÃ¡ÂºÂ¿t sÃ¡Â»Â 1248/NQ-UBTVQH15 cÃ¡Â»Â§a Ã¡Â»Â¦y ban ThÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Âng vÃ¡Â»Â¥ QuÃ¡Â»Âc hÃ¡Â»Âi vÃ¡Â»Â viÃ¡Â»Âc sÃ¡ÂºÂ¯p xÃ¡ÂºÂ¿p ÃÂÃÂ¡n vÃ¡Â»Â hÃÂ nh chÃÂnh cÃ¡ÂºÂ¥p xÃÂ£ cÃ¡Â»Â§a tÃ¡Â»Ânh HÃÂ°ng YÃÂªn giai ÃÂoÃ¡ÂºÂ¡n 2023 Ã¢ÂÂ 2025 (vi)

External links