was the title of the highest advising officials at the imperial, royal, or princely courts of the Holy Roman Empire, who jointly formed the reporting to the ruler. The term remained in use during subsequent monarchic reigns in German-speaking areas of Europe until the end of the First World War. At its origin the literal meaning of the word in German was 'trusted advisor'; the word (secret) implies that such an advisor could be trusted with the Monarch's secrets (similar to "secretary" in English being linguistically related to "secret"). The English-language equivalent is Privy Councillor.
The office contributing to the state's politics and legislation had its roots in the age of absolutism from the 17th century onward, when a governmental administration by a dependent bureaucracy was established similar to the French . A precursor was the Aulic Council (, ), a judicial body established by Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. In Austria, the professional title of (also , Court Councillor) has remained in use as an official title for deserved civil servants up to today.
With the Empire's dissolution and the rise of Constitutionalism in the aftermath of the French Revolution, the office of a became an honorific title conferred by the German states upon high officials, accompanied by the address . During that period related titles no longer affiliated with an office arose, like , an award for outstanding contributions in the field of commerce and industry, or , an award for outstanding contributions to medicine. The term is also used in combination with the word 'corners' â , colloquially describing male pattern baldness at the 'edges' of the forehead (i.e. the upper 'corners' of the face).
In AustriaâÂÂHungary, by 1914, ordinarily, an applicant would need sixteen nobly born antecedents i.e., all great-great grandparents. Though some exceptions were made.
In the Republic of Austria the title was officially abolished in 1919. In Germany, the title largely disappeared after the fall of the German Empire in 1918, when the various princely states of Germany were replaced by the constituent states of the Weimar Republic, although continued to be appointed by the Free State of Bavaria. However, many honorees continued to use it, and the title , its abbreviation and related abbreviations (, and even ) appear in captions until the 1930s, such as used by the German Federal Archives.