Hinduism is the second-largest religion in Oman, practised by 5.5% of its population.
The cities of Sur, Sohar, Muttrah, and Muscat were home to Hindu trading communities, often accompanied by their families, as early as the 17th century. Historical records from Ibn Ruzaiq indicate that in 1650, a Portuguese commander named Pereira sought to marry the daughter of a Hindu trader living in Oman. Later, in 1765, the Danish traveler Nibuhr documented the presence of around 1,200 Hindus in Muscat alone. He writes:
Hindu traders were not limited to commerce and customs duties; they were also active in money lending and were widely regarded as trustworthy and honest.
For centuries, Muscat attracted Hindu merchants involved in various trades, including pearls and grains. There were at least 4,000 Hindus in Oman in the early 19th century. In 1895, the Hindu presence in Muscat came under attack by the Ibadis and by 1900, the number of Hindus decreased to 300. By 1970, local accounts suggested that more than 120 families could trace their continuous residence in Oman back to 1900, which would have made them eligible for citizenship. However, complications in the citizenship process prevented this from being fully realized. The historical quarters of al-Waljat and al-Banyan are no longer occupied by Hindus.
Oman is the only country in the Middle East with an indigenous Hindu population. There are at least 1,000 Hindus in Oman with Omani citizenship. According to the CIA, there are 259,780 Hindus constituting 5.5% of population.
There are two officially recognized Hindu temples in Oman. The Shiva temple in Muscat (Motishwar Mandir) in Oman is one of the oldest Hindu temples in the Middle East region. The other is the Krishna Temple, also in Muscat.